Geology and Mineralogy. 311 
was in the region on the 2d of February, states in a paper in 
Science, of March 4th, that the area of lava was mostly of the a-a 
kind, and that the stream extended out beyond the shores 300 to 
500 feet, adding much to the island. 
On the 23d, earthquakes began again and continued through 
the 24th. They were heavy enough at Kahuku to throw over 
walls and destroy or move some houses. Damage was done also 
at other places and to some extent at Hilo, where a heavy shock 
was felt near noon on the 23d and many others, but lighter, on 
that day and the next. 
The oscillations at Hilo are stated to have been from 8.8.E. to 
N.N.W. According to Mr. F. L. Clarke, of the Government Sur- 
vey, the walls that fell in Kau had a northeast and southwest 
direction and were thrown to the southeast, and the houses (light 
wooden buildings) were moved 8 or 10 inches in the same direc- 
tion or down the slopes. Mr. Severin, a photographer, accom- 
panied Mr. Clarke to the region of the outflow and many photo- 
graphs were taken. 
A “heavy cloud of smoke, the heaviest ever seen there [by the 
writer] was resting over Mauna Loa all day Sunday and Monday, 
Jan. 23d and 24th ;” and on the 25th the sun was scarcely visible 
on account of the smoky atmosphere. On the afternoon of that 
day a heavy storm of thunder and rain set in. 
The paper of the 21st of February has a letter from Hilo, 
dated February 17th, announcing that at 8 a.m. of that day a 
dense volume of smoke extended from the summit crater eastward 
along the ridge of the mountain six or seven miles toward 
Kilauea, apparently indicating a summit outflow in that direction 
supplementing that in Kau. 
The Hawaian Gazette of March Ist states that Mr. D. W. 
Hitchcock was on Mauna Loa, February 20th, and found vapors 
issuing from large fissures, nearly in a line with those of 1880, but 
no Java had reached the surface. Kilauea has been moderately 
active during this period of eruption, rather increasing in activity 
since it began, but without any show of special disturbance or 
sympathy. 
2. Volcanic Eruption in Niua-fu, Friendly Islands.—Karthb- 
quakes began at Niua-fu on the 8th of June last, and occurred on 
the 11th, nearly cotemporaneously with the New Zealand erup- 
tion ; and the outbreak occurred on the 31st of August, the date 
of the Charleston earthquake. The eruption continued for ten 
days and the chief destruction was produced by the finer cinder 
ejections ; the stones thrown up “ fell straight, or nearly straight, 
back.” Two preceding eruptions occurred 19 and 40 years ago. 
—From a letter of Mr. C. Trotter, F.R.G.S., in Nature of 
Dee. 9, p 127. 
The volcanic line of Central New Zealand trends about N. 30° 
E., and, if followed northward with a small variation in direction, 
it passes along the Kermadec group and that of the Tonga or 
Friendly Islands, the variation being to N. 22° E. in the northern 
Am. Jour. Sci.—THirRD Suries, VoL. XX XIII, No. 196.—Aprit, 1887. 
20 
