B24 Scientific Intelligence. 
IV. Experiments upon Papilio machaon.—This species, like P. 
polydamus (Fritz Miller) has no power of being influenced by 
surrounding colors. A brown pupa was obtained on the food- 
plant, and many green ones upon brown twigs, &e. It is proba- 
ble that less healthy and smaller larve often produce the brown 
form, just as diseased Vanessa larve produce gilded pupe. 
V. Experiments upon Pieris brassice and P. rape. 
(1.) Effects of Colors.— Black produced dark pupz, and the 
greater the illumination the darker the pup (P. rape), this result 
being the reverse of that obtained with V. wrtice,; white produced 
light pupa, and the greater the illumination the lighter the pupz 
(P. rape); dark red (P. brassicce) produced dark pupe; deep 
orange, in both species, produced very light pup of a green col- 
or; pale yellow and yellowish-green produced rather darker pupe 
than the orange; bluwsh-green produced much darker pup, while 
dark blue produced still darker pupe (P. rape only). Hence 
there is a remarkable and sudden fall, followed by a slow and 
gradual rise in the amount of pigment formed as the light from 
various parts of the spectrum from red to blue predominates in 
the reflected rays which fall on the larval surface. But their 
effects on the formation of superficially placed dark pigment are 
accompanied by changes affecting the formation of greens and 
yellows, &c., in the deeper subcuticular tissues. Hence the re- 
sults of any given stimulus are exceedingly complicated. 
(2.) Other Hxperiments.—It was shown by the method de- 
scribed above that the ocelli are not sensitive in this species, and 
by similar transference experiments it was proved that the in- 
fluence acts on the larva and not on the pupa itself. . 
VI. Experiments upon Ephyra pendularia.—In this genus of 
moths the exposed pup are often green and brown in different 
individuals, but these colors follow the corresponding tints of 
the larve, and therefore cannot be influenced unless the latter 
themselves were changed, and such susceptibility in the larval 
state has not been proved for this genus. ‘This is the only known 
instance of a constant relation between the larval and pupal 
colors. 
VIL. Experiments upon the Cocoon of Saturnia carpini.—lt 
was found that the larvee spin dark cocoons in black surroundings, 
but white ones in lighter surroundings. 
TV. Astronomy AND MATHEMATICS. 
1. The form of the area in the heavens from which the Meteors 
of Nov. 27, 1885, appeared to radiate—Mr. Ranyarp in the 
Monthly Notices of the R. Ast. Soc. has discussed the evidence 
from observations by himself, Captain Tupman, Professor Young, 
M. Perrotin, and M. Thallon conciuding that ‘there therefore 
appears to be some very definite evidence that the paths of these 
meteors did radiate from an elongated area with its axis north 
and south.” Mr. Ranyard further says, “in order to account for 
the elliptic area, on the assumption that the deflection from the 
