132 CLAYS AND CLAY INDUSTRY. 



Hard, near Buckshutem, and by B. F. Lupton, at Bridgeton. The 

 black clay overlying a yellow qnartz sand resembling the Pen- 

 sauken at Martin's brickyard, Kinkora (115), is clearly a com- 

 paratively recent deposit, and may belong in the Cape May forma- 

 tion. 



At Henry C. Adams' clay pit and brickyard at Edgewater Park: 

 (127) 8 feet of yellowish and black- clay, overlain by several 

 feet of wind-blown sand, rests upon a reddish-brown sand, which 

 is apparently of glacial derivation. The clay is a local deposit,, 

 grading laterally into sand, and in places contains great numbers 

 of rootlets, which suggest a swamp or estuary deposit of com- 

 paratively recent origin, although the surroundings are not at 

 all swampy at present. On the contrary, the clay bed is located on 

 the top of a gentle swell, but its elevation is not more than 40 

 feet above tide, so that it is within the limits of an area which 

 was submerged during and since late Glacial time. The clay is 

 either Cape May or later in time of origin. 



In addition to the above-mentioned areas, the clays at Belle 

 Plain (188), Woodbine (189) and Bakersville (275) are- 

 thought to belong to this horizon. 1 At these three localities the 

 clay occurs at elevations of 40 feet or less. It forms shallow, 

 sandy deposits, somewhat pebbly and overlain by several feet of 

 sand or gravel. They are apparently thin clayey lenses in the- 

 sand and gravel which form the great mass of the Cape May 

 formation. The Bakersville deposit is said to cover something 

 over 200 acres, but the extent of the other beds is not known. 

 It is not unlikely that similar deposits, at present undeveloped, 

 may be found at points along the coast within the elevation — 50 

 feet — of the Cape May formation. Owing, however, to a surfac- 

 ing of sand and gravel, their presence can only be detected by- 

 boring. 



The clays of the Cape May formation are of value chiefly for 

 the manufacture of red brick or drain tile. There are, however,, 

 some small lenses of buff-burning clav. 



1 It is not impossible that the clays at Belle Plain and Woodbine belong- 

 to the Cohansey formation, although in the absence of any decisive evidence 

 Ave have placed them in the Cape May, chiefly on the basis of their elevation- 



