CLAYS OF CRETACEOUS FORMATION. 199 



Forty distinct layers were counted in a vertical section of 3 

 feet in No. 4, while above them was a single bed of clay 3 feet 

 thick. This illustrates the great variation in thickness of the clay 

 and sand layers. 



At S. Graham & Co.'s brickyard (112), the same thin-bedded, 

 black clay, with fine laminae of white sand is dug in pits east of 

 the wagon road, while along the railroad more sandy beds are 

 exposed. The horizontal variation from clay to sand is well 

 brought out in these banks ( Plate II, Fig. 1 ) . At Dobbin's bank, 

 Kinkora (113), a few feet of the same black laminated clays are 

 shown, but the greater portion of the clay there dug belongs to> the 

 overlying Clay Marl series. 



FLORENCE. 



Below Kinkora the course of the river is more to the west and 

 it crosses obliquely the outcrop of the Raritan formation towards 

 the base. The immediate consequence of this is that, in the bluff 

 below Kinkora, lower beds of the formation are exposed, so* that 

 at Martin's brickyard (115) a tough, white and red-spotted 

 plastic clay is found in pits in the lowest portion O'f the yard. 

 This clay belongs below the black laminated clays of S. Graham 

 & Co.'s bank, but the interval between them is unknown. A black 

 clay is also dug in another part of Martin's yard at a higher level. 

 It does not, however, belong to the Raritan formation, but is of 

 much later age, being a Pleistocene clay similar to that found at 

 Fish House (p. 133). For a mile or more above Florence the 

 river flows at the foot of a high bluff, in the lower portion of 

 which white and red clays outcrop at numerous points. They 

 were somewhat extensively worked twenty-five or thirty years 

 ago, and the following sections are given in the Clay Report of 

 1878. 



Section at Joshua Bayre's clay banks. 



(1) Yellow sand, in undulating wavy lines, 16 ft. 



(2) Gravel, 2 ft. 



(3) Reddish and variegated clay, 18 ft. 



(4) White clay, 4 ft. 



(5) Clay and sandy earths, 2 ft. 



(6) White sand (called kaolin), 6 ft. 



(7) Sand at mean tide level. 



