CLAYS OF CRETACEOUS FORMATION. 201 



clay was reported to be 14 feet thick and to be underlain by a 

 white, water-bearing- sand. Traced southeast 200 yards, the red 

 clay grades into white clay, in the upper portion of which is a 

 6-inch layer containing - lignite. A hundred feet farther east the 

 lignitic clay layer passes rapidly into a lignite-bearing sand bed. 

 These facts illustrate the constant variation in color and texture 

 of the Raritan beds in this part of the State. 



PENSAUKEN CREEK. 



The Raritan clay has been dug at three points along Pensauken 

 creek (133, 134. 135). At Parry (North Pennsville), excava- 

 tions no longer worked, show a loose, white sand, with some beds 

 of sticky clay, as well as intermediate grades. These Cretaceous 

 beds are overlain with Pensauken gravel from 10 to' 35 feet thick. 



A mile west there is the enormous Hylton opening, which has 

 been worked for gravel, sand and clay for many years, Plate 

 XXII. Here an almost continuous section is shown for nearly 

 three-fourths of a mile, but much of it is obscured by wash. In 

 the eastern part 40 to 50 feet of Pensauken sand and gravel 

 occurs above the clay, the top of which is about 12 feet above 

 the meadow bordering Pensauken creek. The clay is white or 

 red spotted, varying locally. When seen in 1902, it averaged 6 

 or 7 feet in thickness and was underlain by a fine white clayey 

 sand, the so-called "kaolin." In the western portion of the bank 

 the Pensauken gravel is thinner, and a white and yellow Creta- 

 ceous sand occurs below the gravel and above the clay. Locally 

 this sand bed contains thin lenses of white clay, which often vary 

 in thickness or pass into sand within the space of a few rods. 

 The clay bed is reported to be 20 or 25 feet thick in places. In 

 previous years great quantities of fire clay have been dug here, 

 but at the present time sand and gravel constitute a larger part 

 of the material handled. Above the Pensauken gravel there is a 

 clay loam 4 or 5 feet thick over much of the surface. In general 

 appearance it resembles the clay loams used at many points for 

 brick (p. 121). 



Just west of Hylton's bank the same beds of gravel, sand and 

 clay are dug by P. Erato, along the Pennsylvania R. R. at Morris 



