INTRODUCTORY STATEMENT. 



Probably few persons have any conception of the many dif- 

 ferent applications of clay in either its raw or burned condition. 

 These varied uses can be best shown by the following table, com- 

 piled originally by R. T. Hill x and amplified by the writer : 



Domestic. — Porcelain, white earthenware, stoneware, yellow 

 ware and Rockingham ware for table service and for cooking; 

 majolica stoves ; polishing - brick, bath brick, fire kindlers. 



Structural. — Brick : common, front, pressed, ornamental, hol- 

 low, glazed, adobe; terra cotta; roofing- tile; glazed and encaustic 

 tile; draintile; paving- brick; chimney flues; chimney pots; door- 

 knobs; fireproofing ; terra-cotta lumber; copings; fence posts. 



Hy genie. — Urinals, closet bowls, sinks, washtubs, bathtubs, 

 pitchers, sewer pipe, ventilating flues, foundation blocks, vitrified 

 bricks. 



Decorative. — Ornamental pottery, terra cotta, majolica, garden 

 furniture, tombstones. 



Minor uses. — Food adulterant; paint fillers; paper filling; 

 electric insulators; pumps; fulling cloth; scouring soap; packing 

 for horses' feet ; chemical apparatus ; condensing worms ; ink 

 bottles ; ultramarine manufacture; emery wheels ; playing marbles ; 

 batten r cups; pins, stilts and spurs for potters' use; shuttle eyes 

 and thread guides ; smoking pipes ; umbrella stands ; pedestals ; 

 filter tubes; caster wheels; pump wheels; electrical porcelain; 

 foot rules ; plaster ; alum. 



Refractory wares. — Crucibles and other assaying apparatus; 

 gas retorts; fire bricks; glass pots; blocks for tank furnaces; 

 saggers ; stove and furnace bricks ; blocks for fire boxes ; tuyeres ; 

 cupola bricks ; mold linings for steel castings. 



1 Mineral Resources U. S., 1891, p. 475, Washington. 



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