220 CLAYS AND CLAY INDUSTRY. 



Analyses of New Jersey Common-brick Clays. 



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Silica (Si0 2 ), 66.67 66.66 65.53 7^-Z7 60.18 68.96 



Alumina (AL0 3 ), 18.27 14.15 17.21 14.40 23.23 17.87 



Ferric oxide (Fe=0 3 ), 2-H 3-43 5-23 3-43 3-27 3-^7 



Lime (CaO), 1.18 2.15 0.95 0.75 1.00 0.25 



Magnesia (MgO), 1.09 0.38 0.31 0.49 0.67 0.25 



Potash (K 2 0), 2.92 2.32 2.84 J ) 2.58 f 



Soda (Na.O), 1.30 1.38 0.96 { I - 6 °j 0.80 I 2 " 10 



Titanic acid (Ti0 2 ) 0.85 



Water (tLO), 4-03 ( Q , Q -f 6.95 



Organic matter. j 8 ^ 4-54 6.70 8.54 \ .... 



1. Pleistocene clay from Little Ferry. 



2. Clay Marl I and loam, Budd Brothers' yard, City Line Station. 



3. Black clay and loam mixture, used for common brick. Fish House. 



4. Cape May clay. Buckshutem (Loc. 180). 



5. Raritan clay. Sayreville (Loc. 71). 



6. Mixture of Alloway clay and some surface loam, used for brick near 



Yorktown. 



Clays suitable for common brick are found at many localities in 

 New Jersey and in many formations. Those obtained in the 

 northern part of the State are chiefly of glacial origin and occur 

 at many points, as mentioned under Bergen, Warren, Sussex, 

 Union and Hunterdon counties (Chap. XIX). Farther south the 

 Raritan formation contains an inexhaustible supply of good brick 

 clay, as described under Middlesex and Burlington counties. The 

 Clay Marls I and II can be drawn upon for an abundance of clay 

 in the counties of Monmouth, Mercer, Burlington and Camden. 

 The Alloway clay is of value for common brickmaking in Salem 

 county, and the Cape May formation, together with the clay loams, 

 likewise carry brick materials in Cumberland, Camden, Mercer 

 and Cape May counties. In Monmouth county the Asbury clay is 

 drawn upon, and in Atlantic and Ocean counties the Cohansey 

 clays can be easily used when the deposits are red burning. 



In the selection and preparation of raw materials there is some- 

 times a tendency on the part of the clayworker to overload his 

 mixture with sand, especially if the soft-mud process of molding 

 is used. This has a bad effect since it produces a soft, porous 

 product, unless the materials are burned harder than is usually 



