NEW JERSEY BRICKMAKING INDUSTRY. 245 



in a straight line, yet the water route via Newark bay is 31 miles 

 long. As the Hackensack river is obstructed by numerous low 

 drawbridges, shipping has to be done almost entirely by barges 

 and steam-tugs, and as the cost of towage is high, the otherwise 

 cheap facilities for shipping are minimized and the nearness to 

 the New York market is more apparent than real. 



Some of the smaller yards scattered over the State have like- 

 wise been in operation for a long time, as is indicated in the 

 table below, which shows the date of establishment of a number 

 of yards. 



1816, T. O. Daniel, Lambertville. 



1840, G. C. Pedrick, Flemington. 



1866, D. F. Haines, Yorktown. 



1869, J. A. Hobart, Millville. 



1887, Kilborn & Gibson, Rosenhayn. 



1890, B. H. Reed & Bro., Hightstown. 



1890, Eastern Hydraulic Press Brick Company, Winslow 

 Junction. 



1900, Somers Brick Company, Bakersville. 



METHODS OF MANUFACTURE EMPEOYED IN NEW JERSEY. 



The methods of brick manufacture employed in New Jersey do 

 not differ materially from those of other States. The different 

 stages in the process, as followed out in New Jersey, can perhaps 

 be best discussed individually, and this is done below, the dis- 

 cussion including yards making common and front brick, but 

 not enameled wares. Statistics were collected at 69 yards. 



Preparation. — Crushers are not commonly used, but since some 

 of the clays are tough, rolls, disinteg'rators, or dry-pans are em- 

 ployed at several yards. Out of 69 yards from which statistics 

 of manufacture were collected, only 12 used machines for break- 

 ing up the raw clay, their number being distributed as follows : 



Number of yards, 12 100 % 



Using rolls, 6 50 % 



screen, 3 25 % 



disintegrators, 1 8.3% 



dry pans, 2 16.7% 



