294 CLAYS AND CLAY INDUSTRY. 



A kiln has been provided which is sufficiently large to hold a 

 quantity of wares of various sorts. It is so constructed as to be 

 used either as an updraft or a downdraft, thus representing the 

 two chief types. Frit furnaces and an improved Seger furnace 

 are also at hand. A Le Chatelier pyrometer and Seger cones have 

 been purchased for use in study of the phenomena associated with 

 high temperatures. 



In an upper room is placed an extensive library containing the 

 most important literature on clays and clay working. This liter- 

 ature represents the best thought of French, German, English and 

 American investigators. 



A collection of ceramic ware is in process of installation. Suit- 

 able cabinets have been arranged for containing this collection. 



Inasmuch as this department is required to perform the two- 

 fold function of a school for instruction and a laboratory for in- 

 vestigation, a room has been set apart for the use of the director. 

 It is furnished with the usual fixtures and scientific apparatus. 



Two< courses of instruction have been arranged, that of four 

 years, leading to the degree of B.Sc. ; a short course of two years, 

 which is designed for young men who have had practical experi- 

 ence in clay working and are unable to take the longer term. A 

 certificate is awarded for work done in the short course. 



The instruction will be given in lectures and recitations on 

 clay materials, clay products, bodies, glazes, fuels, kilns, etc., and 

 is supplemented by practical work in the laboratory. 



RAW MATERIALS. 



New Jersey contains a number of grades of pottery clay, al- 

 though not enough to supply all branches of the industry. It 

 may not be out of place, therefore, to. mention the characters of 

 the different grades of clay required in pottery making, and to' 

 refer briefly to their distribution so far as they are found in the 

 State. 



Clays for common earthenware. — Red earthenware forms the 

 lowest grade of pottery and is usually made from medium or 

 poorer grades of clay. Those used are commonly red-burning, 



