CHAPTER XVII. 



THE CLAY-MINING INDUSTRY. 



CONTENTS. 



Introductory statement. 

 Middlesex county. 



No. i fire clay. 



No. 2 fire clay. 



Retort clays. 



Stoneware clay. 



Ball clay. 



Sagger clay. 



Wad clay. 



Terra-cotta clay. 



Pipe clay. 



Hollow-ware clay. 

 Trenton area. 

 Delaware river area. 

 Woodmansie area, 

 Methods of mining. 

 Amount of clay mined in 1902. 

 Shipments to other states. 

 Directory of clay miners. 



INTRODUCTORY STATEMENT. 



Under this heading is considered only the clay dug and sold by 

 miners, and not that dug by manufacturers for their own use. In 

 most States, as well as in many parts of New Jersey, each factory, 

 except those producing white ware, floor tiles, wall tiles and other 

 grades of ware, requiring a No. 2 fire clay or something better, 

 digs clay from its own pits, located near the works. But in New 

 Jersey, owing to the variations which are to be found in any one 

 pit, it is often impossible to get a large amount of one kind of 

 fire clay from a small area, and it is therefore more practicable for 



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