CLAYS OF CAMDEN COUNTY. 391 



CAMDEN COUNTY. 



The workable clay deposits of this county are found in the 

 Raritan, Clay Marls I and II, Cohansey and Pleistocene forma- 

 tions. With the exception of the Cohansey clays these are all in 

 the northern portion of the county, within a few miles of the 

 Delaware river, and the large population centering about Camden 

 and Philadelphia. The Cohansey clays are in the southern half 

 of the county entirely. 



Raritan Clays. 



North Permsville. — Raritan clay is found along Pensauken 

 creek (Loc. 133), southwest of North Pennsville. This is a bed 

 of sandy clay and sand, covered by a great thickness of Pensauken 

 gravel. The overburden is altogether too' thick to permit the clay 

 to be worked alone, but, if the gravel were dug and sold as is 

 done at other places in the vicinity, it might then become profitable 

 to work the clay, for the latter is at least 15 feet thick in places. 

 It is interstratified at times with much white sand, and is not un- 

 like many of the Raritan and Patuxent No. 2 fire clays found in 

 Maryland. 



Palmyra. — The largest and best exposures of this Raritan clay 

 are those in H. Hylton's pits, i)4 miles due south of Palmyra 

 (Loc. 134) . Here a vast excavation has been made in digging the 

 gravel, sand and clay and in doing so- several large masses of the 

 bluish-white, and occasionally yellow-mottled, sanely Raritan clay 

 (PL XXII, Figs. 1 and 2) have been uncovered. 



AYhen visited in 1902, one clay bed was exposed at the eastern 

 end of the line of excavation and showed 6 feet of bluish-white, 

 yellow-mottled clay underlain by 4 feet of sand and white sandy 

 clay, with 50 feet of sandy overburden, partly Raritan sand and 

 partly Pensauken gravel. To the west of this a larger clay 

 mass was exposed and from this the overburden had been re- 

 moved. The upper surface of the clay showed great irregularity, 

 and the total thickness was not shown, but it is said to> range 

 from 8 to 20 feet. The sand contents of the clay are somewhat 



