4 i4 CLAYS AND CLAY INDUSTRY. 



to i or 2 inches in diameter. Immediately overlying the clay is 

 2 to 4 feet of gravel, capped by 3 to 1 4 feet of sandy loam. 



This material was formerly used for soft-mud brick and burned 

 to a good red color. The pebbles in the clay would have to be 

 crushed, if the clay were to> be used for stiff-mud purposes. The 

 clay seems also to have yielded good results on re-pressing. 



In the laboratory the air-dried clay (Lab. No. 664) took 26 per 

 cent, of water for tempering and had an air shrinkage of 6 per 

 cent. The average tensile strength was 219 pounds per square 

 inch. It behaved as follows in burning: 



Burning test of a brick clay from Bridgeton. 

 Cone 1 5 10 



Fire shrinkage, 4-3% 7-3% 



Color, light red red gray 



Condition, steel-hard .... beyond vitrification, and 



somewhat swelled. 

 Absorption, 7-5 T % 2.76% 



To produce a good red brick this clay would have to be fired 

 fairly hard. 



Buckshutem. — The best exposures of Cape May clay in Cum- 

 berland county are found on both sides of the Maurice river at 

 Buckshutem. 



One bed is opened up at A. E. Burchem's yard (Loc. 180), on 

 the east side of the river. The clay, which is sandy in character, 

 is not less than 9 feet thick, but only the upper 6 feet are dug. It 

 has 12 to 15 inches of sandy overburden, and makes a stiff-mud, 

 red-burning brick. 



On the opposite side of the river (Loc. 181) is another pit, in 

 which clay is dug by Hess & Golder for their brickyard at Mill- 

 ville. 



Section at Hess & Goldefs clay pit, Buckshutem. 



Sandy overburden, 4 feet. 



Sandy clay, 8 feet. 



Tough plastic clay, 4 feet. 



It is claimed that the bottom clay will not stand much heat, and 

 in digging it is left to prevent the water of the creek from entering 



