416 CLAYS AND CLAY INDUSTRY. 



Comparing these two clays it is seen that the one from locality 

 181 has a lower fire shrinkage, but does not burn much denser. 

 Neither of the clays is refractory and they are also too gritty for 

 pottery manufacture. 



Belleplain. — The Cape May clays 1 are still further utilized at 

 Belleplain (Loc. 188), on the West Jersey R. R. The clay is 

 made into bricks at a yard by the railroad station, but the deposit 

 lies in the pines about i mile to 1 the southeast. The clay which 

 is very sandy runs 7 feet in thickness with 1 foot of stripping. 

 The sample tested (Lab. No. 660) slaked rapidly and on ac- 

 count of its sandy character but little water (22.9 per cent.) was 

 required to temper it. In the laboratory test it showed an air 

 shrinkage of 5.3 per cent., and its average tensile strength was 148 

 pounds per square inch. Its burning qualities were as follows: 



Burning test of clay from Belleplain. 



Cone 1 5 



Fire shrinkage, 1-7% 2.7% 



Color, . light pinkish red red 



Condition, not steel-hard steel-hard 



Absorption, 11.98% 10.82% 



Vineland. — Two small shallow deposits of Pleistocene clay are 

 worked at Hobart's brickyard (Loc. 184). They are known as 

 the east and west bank respectively. The former is a gray-burn- 

 ing sandy clay and makes the more ringing brick, while the latter 

 is less sandy, and burns a brighter red. A sample of the latter 

 (Lab. No. 669) required 36.0 per cent, of water for tempering, 

 had an air shrinkage of 6.3 per cent., and an average tensile 

 strength of 133 pounds per square inch. Its burning properties 

 were as follows : 



Burning tests of clay from Hobart's west bank, Vineland. 



Cone 03 1 5 



Fire shrinkage, 3.7% 44% 5-3% 



Color, red red deep red 



Hardness, steel-hard steel-hard steel-hard 



Absorption, 16.29% 13.00% 10.35% 



1 The reference of these clays to the Cape May formation is not beyond a 

 doubt. They may be Cohansey. 



