482 CLAYS AND CLAY INDUSTRY. 



The material burns quite dense at cone 5. 



Clay is also said to underlie the land south of the Hydraulic 

 Press Brick Company's property. 



Northeast of Whitings. — Cook noted the occurrence of clay 

 along the N. J. Southern R. R., iy 2 miles northeast of Whitings 

 station. It was said to be yellowish red in color, and covered by a 

 thin bed of gravelly earth. Red brick were made from it and the 

 remains of the yard can still be seen ( 1902). 



Old Half Way. — About 7 miles southwest of Whitings and 2 

 miles east of Woodmansie station, on the N. J. Southern R. R., 

 is the large excavation (Loc. 213) of the Adams Clay-Mining 

 Company (PI. LIV, Fig. 2). The deposit lies on an elevation 

 somewhat higher than that of the country to the east and south- 

 east, and has less overburden than the clay at Whitings. The 

 clay is worked out in pit-like excavations, so< that the actual 

 work of digging at any one time is confined to a small area. The 

 stripping is first taken off by means of a scraper hitched to a 

 cable passing around two* pulleys and winding on a drum of a 

 stationary engine, after which the clay is loaded into> buckets and 

 brought out of the pit with a conveyor, travelling on a cable. The 

 pits have a depth of 10 or 12 feet. The clay is loaded onto nar- 

 row-gauge cars, which are drawn down to Woodmansie by a 

 small engine. 



Most of the clay is quite micaceous and siliceous, although less 

 sandy patches are found. On the west side of the area excavated 

 there seems to' have been considerable clay of varied colors, more 

 especially brownish black, but this variation in color is ap- 

 parently not uncommon in some of the Cohansey clays. The 

 main grade of clay sought for seems to be a buff-burning, terra- 

 cotta clay, considerable quantities of which go to Pennsylvania, 

 and in order to get this out everything else is thrown aside. 



A sample of the yellowish- white, siliceous clay (Lab. No. 

 656) gave the following results when tested physically: It slaked 

 very fast and felt lean when mixed with water. It required 23.3 

 per cent, of water for tempering, and had an air shrinkage of 4.8 

 per cent. The tensile strength ranged from 65 to JJ pounds per 

 square inch, with an average of 73 pounds. 



