488 CLAYS AND CLAY INDUSTRY. 



Section at Tilton's brickyard, Toms River. 



Gravelly sand, 2-4 ft. 



"Whitish clay, 2-3 ft. 



Black clay, 3-8 ft. 



Yellow clay, 1 ft. 



Sand 



For brickmaking the run of the bank, which burns red, is. used 

 as far down as the yellow clay, which is not suitable for this pur- 

 pose, since it possesses very different properties from the clay 

 found in the rest of the bank, as can be seen below. The deposit 

 is more or less basin-shaped, and seems tx> be in line with several 

 others, one of these lying to the west on the land of Roberts and 

 Brank, and the other lying in the opposite direction and extending 

 down to the Toms river. 



Physically, the brick mixture is a rather coarse-grained, lean, 

 sandy clay. It worked up with 26 per cent, of water to a mass 

 having an air shrinkage of 4.3 per cent, and an average tensile 

 strength of 68 pounds per square inch. It did not burn hard at 

 as low a temperature as many common-brick clays. At cone 1 

 its fire shrinkage was 2.3 per cent., clay not steel-hard, and ab- 

 sorption 15.37 P er cent. 



At cone 5, fire shrinkage 3.7 per cent., bricklet red, nearly steel- 

 hard, and absorption 12.53 P €r cent. 



The yellow clay underlying this can probably not be used in a 

 burned form, as it shows rather undesirable physical properties. 

 It is extremely silty in its character, but not sandy, and is very 

 lean. It does not dry to a dense mass, but, on the contrary, has 

 a porous, brittle body. It took 65 per cent, of water to mix it, ow- 

 ing to its porosity, and yet its air shrinkage was only 8 per cent. 

 The tensile strength averaged 74 pounds per square inch. In 

 burning it gave these results : 



Burning test of an ochreous clay. Tilton's pit, Toms River. 



Cone 05 Cone 03 Cone 01 



Fire shrinkage, 2.6% 9-3% 14.6% 



Color, red bright red red 



Condition, ........ not steel-hard nearly steel-hard steel-hard 



Absorption, 35-12% 26.15% 14-33% 



