CLAYS OF SALEM COUNTY. 497 



Alloway. — A number of outcrops of the clay were also found 

 around Alloway. One of these was in the railroad cut just north 

 of Alloway station (Loc. 164), where there is a deposit which is 

 well located for shipment and which could be easily drained. 



Section in railroad cut, near Alloway. 



Loam or pebbly loam, 3 to 4 ft. 



Weathered, very plastic clay (derived from the Allo- 

 way clay) , 5 ft. 



Blue clay, 1 ft. 



The latter is very similar to the blue clay in the brick pits at 

 Yorktown. The physical characters of a sample representing 

 the run of the bank were as follows: Water required, 32.1 per 

 cent. ; air shrinkage, 8.6 per cent. ; average tensile strength, 453 

 pounds per square inch. 



At cone 03. Fire shrinkage 4.4 per cent., color red, bricklet 

 steel-hard, absorption 8.07 per cent. 



At cone 1. Fire shrinkage 5.2 per cent., color red, absorption 

 3.94 per cent. 



Cone 12. Vitrified. 



This clay showed a phenomenally high tensile strength, prob- 

 ably one of the highest ever recorded. It also burns quite dense 

 at a low cone. 



One mile south of Alloway the clay again outcrops along the 

 highroad opposite an ice house (Loc. 165). It is covered by 4 

 feet of gravel and sand and is at least 7 feet deep, as determined by 

 boring. It is quite plastic, even sticky, and moist in places. There 

 were also occasionally iron crusts at the point where the boring 

 was made. The clay slaked moderately fast and completely. It 

 is not unlike the clay from locality 161, west of Yorktown. It 

 required 35.6 per cent, of water to work it up, and it had an air 

 shrinkage of 9 per cent. At cone 1 the fire shrinkage was 7 per 

 cent, and the clay burned exceedingly dense, having an absorption 

 of only 0.47 per cent. Cone 5, absorption .07. The color was red. 



Another well-located deposit is found at a point 3 miles north 

 of Alloway (Loc. 167). Here a boring showed at least 7 feet of 

 light-mottled clay, similar to the upper clay in the brick-clay pits 

 32 CLG 



