OSTEOLOGIA AVIUM. 



Campephaga larvatus 

 Dicrurus Hallicassius 

 lrena puella . 

 Artamus leucogaster 

 Pachycephala gutturalis 

 Ptilochloris virescens 

 Copurus filicaudus . 

 Manacus guttatus . 

 Rupicola aurantia . 

 Parus cEeruIeus 

 Lanius collurio 

 Thamnophilus undulatus . 

 Thamnophilus meleagris . 

 Vanga destructor . 

 Vanga nigrogularis 

 Laniarius peli 

 Laniarius leucorhynchus , 

 Pycnonotus ashanteus 

 Pycnonotus nivosus 

 Turdus choki . 

 Turdus musicus 

 Turdus torquatus . 

 Cinclus aquaticus . 

 Grallaria imperator . 

 Chamseza marginata 

 Garrulax rufifrons . 

 Myophonus glaucinus 

 Donacobius atricapillus 

 Drymophila loricata 

 Formicivora grisea . 

 Sternus vulgaris 

 Larnpostornis cantor 

 Sternella Ludoviciana 

 Pastor — Australia 

 Sternopastor jalla . 

 Agelaius chopi 

 Oriolus intermedius 

 Cassicus bifasciatus 

 Cassicus cristatus . 

 Icterus melanocephalus 

 Molothrus sericeus . 

 Hyphantornis brachypterus 

 Ploceus erythrops . 

 Textor melanocephala 

 Fringilla montifringilla 

 Fringilla spinus 

 Peospisa thoracica . 

 Plectrophanes nivalis 

 Zonotrichia matutina 

 Amadina nitens 

 Chrysomitris magellanicus 

 Spermestes poensis . 

 Caryothraustes cayanens 

 Strobilophaga enucleator 

 Cocothraustes hasmatina , 

 Emberiza milaria . 

 Emberiza citrinella 

 Loxia curvirostris . 



152 



Cervical. 



11 



14 



12 

 11 

 11 

 11 

 12 

 11 

 11 

 10 

 11 

 12 

 13 

 11 

 12 

 12 

 12 

 12 

 12 

 12 

 11 

 12 

 10 

 12 

 12 

 12 

 12 

 12 

 12 

 11 

 12 

 11 

 12 

 12 

 10 

 12 

 12 

 12 

 12 

 12 

 12 

 12 

 13 

 11 

 12 

 12 

 11 

 12 

 12 

 12 

 11 

 11 

 12 

 10 

 10 

 11 

 11 



Dorsal. 



6 

 6 



7 

 7 

 7 

 6 

 7 

 7 

 7 

 7 

 6 

 7 

 7 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 7 

 7 

 7 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 7 

 6 

 7 

 6 

 7 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 5 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 



Sacral. 



Caudal. 



True ribs. 



False ribs. 



10 

 12 

 10 

 10 



7 



9 



9 



12 



10 



10 



12 



11 



10 



10 



10 



10 



9 



9 



11 



12 



11 



12 



11 



13 



11 



12 



6 



8 



10 



9 



11 



11 



9 



1 



11 



11 

 11 



10 

 9 

 9 



10 

 9 

 8 



10 

 9 



10 



11 



11 



11 



9 



9 



9 



6 

 6 

 6 

 1 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 7 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 7 

 7 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 9 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 7 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 



6 

 6 



6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 5 

 5 

 6 

 7 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 4 

 4 

 6 

 4 

 4 

 4 

 5 

 6 

 4 

 5 



6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 

 6 



