4 DEEP-SEA DREDGINGS. 
erites like Pyrina or Globator, etc., etc., and again Cidarid 
akin to C. glandifera and clavigera with Glypticus-like species, 
and Codiopsis, Coelopleurus, Cyphosoma, and Salenia 
Among Starfishes the types of Goniaster and Luidia are likely 
to prevail with simple rayed Euryaloid genera, and among Cri- 
noids a variety of genera reminding us of Pentremites, Marsu- 
pites, Pentacrinus, Apiocrinus, and Eugeniacrinus. 
The question of the affinities of Millepora will probably, receive 
additional evidence, and genera connecting more closely the Ru- 
gosa and Tabulata with one another, and with the Acalephs may 
be expected in the shapes of branching Heliopores and the like. 
With the monograph of Pourtales upon the deep-sea corals be- 
_ fore me, it would be sheer pretence to say anything concerning the 
` prospect of discovering new representatives of this or that type. 
His tables point them out already. 
But, there is a subject of great interest likely to be elucidated 
by our investigation, — the contrast of the deep-sea faunæ of the 
northern with those of the southern hemisphere. Judging from 
what Australia has already brought us, we may expect to find 
that the animal world of the southern hemisphere has a more an- 
tique character, in the same way as North America may be con- 
_trasted with Europe, on the ground of the occurrence in the United 
States of animals and plants now living here, the types of which 
are only found fossil in Europe. 
A few more words, upon another subject. During the first 
three decades of this century, the scientific world believed that 
the erratic boulders, which form so prominent a feature of ‘the 
surface geology of Europe, had been transported by currents 
arising from the rupture of the barriers of great lakes among the 
Alps or started from the north by earthquake waves. 
Shepherds first started the idea that within the valleys of Swit- 
zerland these huge boulders had been carried forward by glaciers, 
and Swiss geologists, Venetz and Charpentier foremost among 
them, very soon proved that this had been the case. This view, 
however, remained confined to the vicinity of the Alps in its ap- 
plication, until I suggested that the phenomenon might have a cos- 
mic importance, which was proved when I discovered, in 1840, 
unmistakable traces of glaciers in Scotland, England, and Ire- 
land, in regions which could have had no connection whatever 
with the elevation of the “Alps. Since that time the glacial period 
