MICROSCOPY. 185 
Chemistry.” The history and advantages of microscopical pho- 
tography are well given, though no-reference is made to the cor- 
responding disadvantages, such as the unequal applicability of the 
process to objects of different colors, and the necessity of repre- 
senting a single focal plane or section of the object, while the dif- 
ferent varieties of delineation by hand-work enable the artist, if 
sufficiently expert to know what he sees, and sufficiently candid to 
draw what he sees and not what he thinks he ought to see, to re- 
construct to some extent the object and represent at a single view 
the knowledge gained by many slight changes of focus. Unfortu- 
nately for their value as tests in this case, the so-called test-objects 
seem to be particularly suitable for photographic illustration. Of 
the Woodward photographs familiar to the writer, those of the 
test-ohjects are (probably necessarily) more faultless than those 
of the tissues, and are therefore tests of the corrections of the 
objectives and of the perfection of the illumination rather than of 
the general applicability of the photographie process. -Of this 
latter question, but little understood as yet, the researches of Dr. 
Woodward and others give promise of an early solution. 
Mr. Stodder applies the name of microphotograph to the en- 
larged photographic representation of a microscopic object, such 
as the well-known productions of Dr. Woodward and of Dr. Mad- 
dox, although, since that name was previously appropriated to the 
reduced photographs for microscopical inspection taken from large 
objects, some microscopists have recently preferred, for the sake 
of distinction, to designate the enlarged photographs of small 
objects by the name of photomicrographs. 
Curious Varrerres or tHe Liner. — “The Lace Bark of Ja- 
maica (Lagetta lintearia), is composed of a series of concen- 
tric layers of very fine and strong fibres, which, by crossing and 
interlacing each other, form a complete network, the beauties of 
which are quite hidden till the bark is beaten out, and the fibres 
Partially Separated by carefully pulling them in a lateral direction, 
When a piece of vegetable lace a yard or more in width, will 
be produced. This natural lace is used in Jamaica for making 
als, caps, collars, frills, etc. . . . . The bark of the Paper Mul- 
berry of the South Sea Islands is another of the fibrous kinds; it 
is very strong and tough, and is used in the Pacific Islands for 
Making what is called tapa cloth, which serves the natives for 
