RELATIONSHIP OF THE AMERICAN WHITE-FRONTED OWL. 285 
A—Nostril sunken, opening laterally ; elongat 1, and obliquely vertical. Cere not 
inflated. Tail more than half the wing. Bill yellow. 
1. N. TENGMALMI. — Wing about 7.20; tail 4.50. 
a. Legs white, scarcely variegated; lower tail coverts with only narrow 
shaft streaks of brown. (Maximum amount of white, the spots of this color 
much extended, on the scapulars even largely predominating over the 
-brown.) Hab. The Palearctic Region (Europe, — and Northern 
‘ ngmaimi.* 
b. Legs ochraceous, thickly ded lower tail coverts with ee medial 
stripes of brown. (Minimum amount of white, and excess of darker colors; 
the latter not only deeper in tint, but occupying larger areas. The differ- 
ence readily appreciable on comparison.) Hab. Northern portion of 
the Nearctic Region (Arctic America south to the ae border of 
the U. S.). ‘ $ Var. Richardsoni.t 
Nostril inent i teri ee circular. Cere somewhat ene a 
Tail mat more these half the wing cathe less). Bill black. 
2. N. ACADICA. f— Wing 5.25 to 5.80; tail 2.60.— . Cold temperate gng of 
Nearctic meia Leonean oe Dea America ee eerie U. S. from the 
Atlantic to the P. ly to the south 
ern borders of the U. S., and into Mts. of Manico. Oaxaca, Sel. P. Z. S. 1858, 
). 
“NYCTALE TENGMALMI. 
riz Tengmaimi GMEL., S. N. p. 291, 1789 (et mes var.). — Nyctale Tengmalmi BONAP. et 
Auet.— Noctua Te Imi a et ora Tengmaimi BOIE lula Tengmalmi 
Boxar, et Auct, — Scotophilus Tengmalmi SW ; trix dasypus BECHST (1791) et Auct. — 
aa dasy, m A. M R (1794).— P. yctale planiceps 
; me t M (183 D. — ctale abietum BREHM (1831).— Nyctale 
~ (1842). ee of Lass tee h is Surnia ulula.) — Nyctale Kirtlandi 
Euron, Tois 1 Tr. Jan., 1872 
S Sept., T, 49, 1807. — sah peg ey Orn. Bi e "RICH. and SWAINS., 
1B, A., II, 97, 1831, — ome ace N. Y., IL, pp. 38, 436; Isis, 1832, p. 1140.—Janp. (Mis.) 
Mos II, 66.— Na at. Vog hl. ed. , 434, pl. 43, figs. 1 and 2. — PEAB. B. 
mip p.%0.— NUTT. Man, p. 137, 1833.— Nyctale Acadica BONAP. List. p. 7, 1838; Consp. Av. 
Stang na Gen. B, fol. App. p. 3. 1844.— Monog. Strig. Crut. ma pati 
LASKE. Orn, Syn. I, 176, 1855.— NEWB. P. R. R. pi. y : in, .— Cass. B. N. Am. 1858, 58. 
mp & SUCK. P. R. R. Rept. XIN, ii, 156, 1860.— COUES Prod. B. Ariz. 14, 1866. — GRAY 
Swa aist I, 1869, 51.—Lorp Pr. R. A. I, IV, iit (Brit Co — ae Scotophilus Acadicus 
ipa Clasif, B. If, 217, 1837. — Striz riz passerina PEN i . SP. 1%, 1785 
RSH., Phil. Trans, LXII, 385. — WILS . Orn. pl. y £ ya a4 ape passerina JAMES. 
eo Am. Orn. T 109, 1831, — Strix Acadiensis LATH. -9 sit ef a kor 
trons y - V, pl. 171, 1794: Zool. VII, =LA . 14. S woz 
albiş, TRILL, Ois. Am, Sept, I, , 1807. — Scops albifrons STEPH. PO i Xi ii, 51, — Nye 
Thi CASS. B. Cal. & Tex. 18 7, 1854. — BONAP. Consp. Av. p. 54. — sN. m m, 1 
Kin HT. Ath. Ak. Berl, 1938, 430. — GRAY Hand List egy 1869. — Nyctale 
rontalis Lic 
Kirtanaii Hoy, Proc, Ac. Nat, Se. Phil. VI, 210; 1952. — S. phalwnoides DAUD. Tr. Orn. IT, 
1 LATH. Ind. Orn, Supp. p. 16, 1802; Bie Supp. I, 66, Gen. Hist. I, 372, 1828. — Athene 
GRAY. Gen. B. fol, sp. 43, 1844. — Athene Wilsoni BRIE, Isis, 1828, 315, 
