552 ZOOLOGY. 
pores of the epidermis could not have caused death in so short a 
time. The closing of the pores and stomata is undoubtedly a 
secondary cause of death, but only after the lapse of some days. — 
No change was observed similar to that produced by the vapor of 
boiling water. The scorching action of a high, dry temperature — 
occurs only in the immediate vicinity of the volcano, Neither an 
acid nor alkaline reaction is shown by any change of color in the 
flowers or leaves, except a few instances of a change to blue of 
rose, orange, or violet colored organs, which might be attributed 
rather to an alkaline than an acid reaction; but these are few and 
doubtful. Many phenomena concur in pointing to chloride of | 
sodium as the chief agent in the destruction of vegetable tissue. 
The salt was present in sufficient quantity in the falling ashes to 
be readily discernible to the sight, and is also met with as am 
efflorescence in the ashy soil. —A. W 
ZOOLOGY. 
CALCULI rrom Tae Sromacu or a Horse.— A gingular and 
interesting collection of so-called “stones” was recently taken 
from the intestines of a horse in North Ferrisburg, Vermosh a 
I did not see the animal, but am told that the largest calculus had ‘ 
broken through the large intestine, while the rest were lying a = 
in its cavity. There was in all, as nearly as I can wade 
about a pint of the calculi, of which the largest and twelve other 
entire specimens are before me, and fragments of shear pe 
others. Only the largest is regular in form. This is al p : 
perfectly spherical, being nine and a quarter inches in circum : Troy . 
on To 
oad | 
ence and 2.9453 inches in diameter, and its weight is elev ; 
ounces or 864.45 grammes. ‘The rest are very mach oe a 
quite irregular in form, little less so than any chance larget 
pebbles, and as they are smaller they are less regular. e 
two, excepting the large one just mentioned, though p jr 
approach a spherical form with two opposite sides con pi 2 
flattened, the circumferences being respectively 27 inches cae 
inches in one direction and three inches and 24 inches grat 68 
and the diameters .93 and .96 inch for the longer and AY pet = 
inch for the shorter. The rest are all more or less inferior ee 1 
in size and approach a pyramidal form, the smallest m ie 
definitely of this form with each side of a different SIZ% — 
