THE WHITE COFFEE-LEAF MINER. 597 
the plant. The larva “absorbs the sap, obstructs the circulatory 
channels, and impedes the vegetable respiration” (Madinier, l. c. 
p. 33), thus depriving the plant of its food, or preventing the 
food from becoming fit to sustain life, in consequence of which 
the plant becomes exhausted, and either dies, or bears fewer and 
smaller fruit. 
Amount of Devastation. — Guérin says (Mém. ete. p. 12; 
[Dumeril, Rapp.,] p. 33) that in the Antilles ‘‘all the coffee-trees 
were feeble and languishing: they bore only small and stunted 
fruits, their leaves were spotted or blackened, in [great] part 
ied up, and although dead, remaining upon the branches, * > 
which rendered these shrubs languishing, and had even caused the 
death of many of them.” Madinier says (l. c. p. 33) that owing 
to the attacks of insects, of which this is the most noxious, the 
culture of the coffee-tree was abandoned in the island of Marti- 
nique. This insect is said to lessen the coffee-crop of Brazil by 
at least one-fifth. f 
Enemies : Fungus.— The leaves of the coffee-tree sometimes turn 
yellow at the tip or some portion of the edge. The spots thus 
formed increase in size until they cover the whole leaf, gradually 
turning to a brown color, by which time the leaf has become dried 
up. These spots may be easily distinguished from those made by 
the larva, because the two skins of the leaf which is attacked by this 
disease cannot be separated, and the color is more uniform, 
appearing equally on both surfaces of the leaf. I was told that 
this was the work of a fungus. It attacks leaves which have or 
have not been injured by the larva, but seems to find more ready 
lodgment on such part of the leaf as has been injured previously. 
It appears in these cases to kill the larva within the mine, as many 
_ mines recently begun are found to contain the flat and empty 
in of the larva, with no indication of another destroyer, but 
I may have been misled in my judgment by seeing the interrupted 
labor of the Eulophus of which I will speak next. 
Enemies: Parasites. — I have found two ichneumons parasitic 
Upon the insect: one upon the larva, the other upon the pupa. I 
have also found great numbers of mites (Acarina) living in the 
mines. The first of these ichneumons, which feeds upon the 
larva of Cemiostoma coffeellum, was found several times under 
à small roundish blotch of a grayish-brown color (about the same 
color as the fungus-spot), which was dotted with black dots, as 
