628 GRAPE DISEASE. 
cheap in France, when dissolved in any alkali (the urine of cows 
being good enough) and applied in the same manner described 
above, has also given good results. A mixture composed of lime 
and sulphur boiled in water at the rate of about five pounds lime 
and five pounds sulphur to one gallon of water, and applied when 
hot, has been found good. 
Alkalies seem to invigorate the vines, but do not affect the lice. 
They are also too costly. Salt.— Vines on lands strongly impreg- 
nated with salt have been found to resist the attacks of the lice. 
Acids generally are neutralized by the lime which most soils 
contain. 
Sulphur has been. thoroughly tried without any good results, 
either upon the leaf-lice or root-lice. 
Sulphuretted hydrogen.— They have tried to pump this into the 
soil, but the pumps always break and no one would think of going 
to such trouble here. 
Sulphate of Iron is of no account. Sulphate of Copper destroys 
the roots. Numerous other chemicals have been experimented 
with, but with very little or no success, and they are besides not 
applicable on a large scale. . 
Irrigation and Submersion have been pretty thoroughly tested, 
and it is doubtful, even where they can be employed, whether they 
have any other effect than that of invigorating the vines, as the lice 
are, many of them, found alive after a submergence of mouths. 
These methods must be considered conservatives rather than 
curatives. 
_ Résumé or tue Insecr’s Hisrory.—We have had i 
from time immemorial, an insect attacking our native vines, ani 
` forming galls on the leaves or gall-like excrescences On the pee? 
This insect is polymorphic, as many others of its family 5 
known to be. It also exists in two types, the one, which may 
termed radicicola, living on the roots, while the other, which go 
be termed gallecola, dwells in galls on the leaves. The latier 
2 i : ies, while the 
found more especially on the Clinton and its allies, por 
former is found on all varieties, but flourishes ate on as 
belonging to the vinifera species. ‘The gall-inhabiting pee 
in 1856, but the root-inhabi™® 
in this country, 
noticed and imperfectly described mu 179mm ee 
oo 
far back as 18%, me 
* I have been able to trace them with absolute certainty as this state in 
herbarium of Dr. Engelmann is a specimen of wild riparia gathered in SH" Ts 
that year, the leaves of which are disfigured by the very same gall. 
AN Be ee er Se eee or = J = 
