REVIEWS AND BOOK NOTICES. 631 
Mississippi Valley. The insect occurs, however, very generally 
over the country east of the Mississippi river, even into Canada ; 
and there are strong indications that it produces similarly injurious 
effects elsewhere. To give a single example :—according to the 
records, most of the vineyards on Staten Island which were flour- 
ishing in 1861, and which were composed principally of Catawba, 
had failed in 1866, and Mr. G. E. Meissner, of Bushberg, who 
then owned a vineyard on that island, informs me that he had 
noticed the nodosities, and that the roots of the dying vines had 
wasted away.* I cannot conclude without publicly expressing 
my indebtedness to Messrs. Lichtenstein and Planchon, of Mont- 
pellier, France, for the cordial and generous manner in which they 
gave me every facility for studying the insect there, and witness+ 
ing experiments in the field. 
REVIEWS AND BOOK NOTICES. 
Recenr DISCOVERIES IN OrnirHoromy.— The authors’ courtesy 
places two very notable papers on our table. I. Prof. Morse’s 
embryological studies + have furnished one of the most important 
contributions ever offered in this country to our knowledge of the 
structure and development of birds. His entirely original re- 
searches, conducted with scrupulous care, in the most candid 
spirit, not only confirm the late determinations of Gegenbaur and 
other European anatomists, but take a long step beyond. We 
have from time to time been apprised of the author’s progress in 
the investigation, and since its close have 
Closest scrutiny. In stating the points we 
has established, we must also indicate those that we hold to be 
still questionable. 
Prof. Morse finds four tarsal bones. Three of these have been 
very generally recognized of late, although rejected or at most not 
_ *Since the above was written, I have listened to am essay 0” ‘Grapes, eE 
Manny, of Freeport, Stephenson county, Illinois. In this essay, which was read before 
the Ilinois State Horticultural Society, the writer states that his Delaware, Iowa and 
— vines lose their lower roots. He attributes this loss of roots to = tenacity of 
soil (th + ies f A n } measure 
i a Y Owi 
by grafting on Clinton roots. 
t On the Carpus and Tarsus of Birds. By EDWARD S. MORS®, 
Nat. Hist., N. Y., X, 1872. 
Ph.D. Ann. Lyc. 
