THE VEGETATION OF THE LOWER WABASH VALLEY. 659 
am macrocarpa), ‘Spanish oak” (Q. coccinea var ?), white ash (Fraxinus 
Americana), bald cypress ( Taxodium distichum), sweet gum (Ligq- 
uidambar styraciflua), black walnut (Juglans nigra), white elm 
(Ulmus Americana), honey locust (Gleditschia triacanthos), cot- 
tonwood (Populus monilifera), beech (Fagus ferruginea), shell- 
bark hickory (Carya alba?), and white oak (Quercus alba). All of 
these often exceed one hundred and fifty feet in height, while the 
first three are known to go beyond one hundred and seventy-five 
= feet, and no doubt sometimes nearly approach, if they do not 
es actually reach, the altitude of two hundred feet. The principal 
trees of the second magnitude (i.e. which do not often grow more 
_ than one hundred feet high, and are more usually seventy feet and 
: upwards), are hickories (Carya sulcata, C. amara, C. tomentosa 
and C. porcina), red oak (Quercus rubra), water oak or pin oak 
(Q. palustris), swamp white>oak (Q. bicolor), swamp chestnut 
(Q. prinos), linden or bass-wood (Tilia Americana), sweet 
buckeye (Æsculus flava), sugar maple (Acer ¥ccharinum), red 
maple (A. rubrum), silver maple (A. dasycarpum), black locust 
(Robinia pseudacacia), coffee-bean (Gymnocladus Canadensis), 
Water locust (Gleditschia monosperma), black cherry (Prunus 
serotina), sour and tupelo gum (Nyssa multiflora and N. uniflora), 
blue ash (Fraainus quadrangulata), black ash (Fraxinus sambu- 
cifolia), hackberries (Celtis occidentalis and C. Mississippiensis), 
black and yellow birches (Betula nigra and B. lentd), etc. Some 
ofi these trees, as the oaks and hickories, occasionally attain a 
Very large size, equalling those of the first magnitude; but as a 
- general thing, they do not grow much, if any, beyond one hundred 
feet in hei 
The more banian or characteristic of the middle-sized trees, or 
those usually growing from forty to seventy feet in height, are the 
a following : :—box elder (Negundo aceroides), fetid buckeye (Æscu- 
a lus glabra), persimmon ( Diospyros A Sembee (Catalpa big- 
~ "Onioides), red ash (Fraainus pubescens), sassa fras (Sassafras offici- 
eo aa red or slippery elm ( Ulmus ‘fuloa), winged elm (U. alata), 
es berry (Morus rubra); butternut, or white walnut (Juglans cin- 
: erea), Post oak (Quercus obtusiloba—not frequent in the bottom- 
- aD willow oak (Q. phellos—rare), and laurel oak (Quercus 
ria). The underwoods, composed of small trees from 
Be enty to forty feet in height, are chiefly of the following species : 
aa (Asimina triloba), ce ash (Xanthorylum America- 
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