746 THE CRANIA OF THE MOUND-BUILDERS. 
those of the anthromorphous apes, and another jaw of analogous 
traits found by the Marquis de Vibraye in France, both of which 
are supposed to. be referable to the dawn of the human period. 
There is nothing to indicate modern degeneracy, whether applied 
to the intellectual or physical capacity of the Teutonic race. So 
far from it, there are strong grounds for believing that our remote 
ancestors lived in brutal barbarism, with modes of thought and 
daily pursuits far different from those of the educated and much- 
planning man of to-day ; and that, through a state of progression, 
long continued, often checked, but still acquiring strength to 
advance, a portion of the human family have been able to attain 
a high degree of civilization — civilization which implies intellect- 
ual culture and an ability to render the forces of nature subservi- 
ent to human wants and conveniences. 
That the investigator may comprehend the relative rank which 
the mound-builder occupied in what I may call the scale of hu- 
manity, I give the following tables of measurements of the crania 
of the superior and inferior races of mankind, as they exist at this 
day ; those from the United States being taken from ‘* The Military 
and Anthropological Statistics of the War of the Rebellion,” pub- 
lished by the Sanitary Commission under the editorship of Dr. B. 
A. Gould, and those from foreign sources being repťoduvas from 
Huxley : 
: TABLE OF MEASUREMENTS. 
3 Distance betw’n con- ore 
$ |. dyloid procoiet | 
p.i © 25 
ey a o . © 
On| g aA 5 pa 
If the hair and scalp were removed, =e tis Ns = E 
e promi danin would De reduced from one | 4&8 Se A 3 ze 
to one and one-half inches eo Sa fei] 8 |E 
kej "Q o ues 
42 | 88 |77| 5 | 88 
= H È 5 | £8 
2 D (e ° o 
oe = a 
5 f= Saeed Sere emer 
White Soldi 2213 | arsı | 1331 | 1°82 | 1448 
Iroquois 92:48 | 12°08 | 13°71 11:58 | 445 
Mulattoes 92-00 | 12°34 | 1411 | 1224 | 185 
Negroes... ə191 | 10-98 | 1395 | 11°55 | 1440 
A 2 
Ww the following table, while giving the measurement of English — 
and Australian skulls, as well as of those known as the Engis and 
