131 
. Notes on the Progress of New South Wales during 
| the ten years 1872 to 1881. 
_ By Curisrorner Routeston, 0.M.G., Auditor-General, President. — 
[Read before the Royal Society of N.S. W., 6 September, 1882.) 
_ Ten years ago the privilege was accorded to me of addressing the 
Royal Society of N.S.W. on the subject of the progress of the 
Colony during the preceding decennial period. I purpose, after 
the lapse of ten years, to review the progress we have made, and 
to compare it with that of the previous decennary. 1 not 
to use very elaborate statistics, merely sufficient to show. 
the results of our advancement under the heads of (1) Population, 
(2) Production, (3) Trade and Commerce, (4) Accumulation. 
P. 1. PopuLaTION. 
’ The Census taken on the 2nd April, 1871, resulted in a total 
Population of 503,981 souls, of whom 275,551 were males and 
were females, the increase over the population of 1861 
3,121, or 43-64 per cent. The Census taken on the 7th 
, revealed a population of 751,468 souls, of whom 
to ate births over deaths, and 76,172, or 15 per cent., was Gue 
were excess of immigration over emigration. If the Cole 
ee > paaail out amongst its present inhabitants, 1t would yi 
te acres to every man, woman, and child in af ; 7 ea 
Popula ensity of th 
the “re in the county of Cumberland, exclusive of Sydney, 
4 y would carry a population approaching something like 
r t inhabit 
Oe Hadas S6 i; as by the want of 
ry is retarded in its progress by We ° | 
labour, and the experience of the last ten years amply justifies -e 
= rtion which I hazarded in 1872, that of all causes viene? 
% “ional =  Weath the power of population is the most influential. 
_. ; 2. Propuction. 
Statistics still show the pre-eminence of our pastoral eae 
,Yery other industry. We commenced the decennial oa : 
Ais paper refers with the undermentioned live stock : 
