56 Thk West Amkbk kntist. 



Cassava — see Manihot utilissima. 



Castanea (Cupulifene). 

 The chestnut is a native of the south of Europe and temperate Asia, as 

 far as Japan, and a variety to North America. The varieties cultivated arc 

 all of the same species. The following are worthy of special note : 



1. American Sweet. Succeeds well in the foothills of California. The 



wood lighter in color than that of the red oak, of greater durabil- 

 ity and beauty ; the nuts small but sweet. 



2. Italian — see Spanish. 



3. Japan Mammoth. Tres bears when quite young, producing a 



monster fruit — the largest chestnut known ; of equal flavor with 

 the American Sweet. 



4. Maron Combale. Large ; kernel rich and sweet ; excellent. 



5. Maron de Lyon. The largest French variety; roundish, sweet and 



well flavored; a prolific variety. 



6. Numbo. Originated with Samuel C. Moon, of Pennsylvania, who 



says: "Numbo is a seedling of the European chestnut ; the orig- 

 inal tree is now 40 feet high, is enormously productive, and bears 

 every year. The quality of the nut is equal to that of any of t he- 

 large chestnuts, and when boiled or roasted they can scarcely be 

 distinguished from the American sweet chestnuts. The trees are 

 perfectly hardy, never having been iniured in the least by any of 

 the severe winters during the past thirty years. Grafted trees 

 usually commence to bear three or four years after grafting." 



7. Spanish. A large, sweet nut, but variable in size and qualitv 



the trees are raised from the seed. A highly ornamental tree of 



free growth. 

 C. vesca Ga3rtner — see C. sativa. 

 C. vulgaris Lamarck — see C. sativa. 



Castanopsis (Cupuliferce). 



Several species of this genus produce edible nuts like chestnuts. 



C. argentea. A lofty tree of India, bearing edible nuts. 



C. chrysophylla. The western chinquapin, or oak-chestnut ; attains 

 a hight of 150 feet, and a diameter of eight feet ; wood durable, ornamental. 



C. indica. Oak-chestnut of India; nuts with the taste of filberts ; found 

 in mountains at an elevation of 4,000 feet. 



Ceratonia (Leguminosese;. 

 C. siliqua Linne. The carob tree, also known as algaroba or St. John's 

 bread, is a tree of wide utility in the Mediterranean region, and equally 

 well adapted for portions of California. A handsome evergreen, dkeriou 

 tree, that may be grown from seed or propagated by grafting, and bearing 

 at ten or twelve years. The fruit is largely fed to stock, containing about 

 66 per cent, of sugar and gum. The meat of sheep and pigs is said to be 

 greatly improved by feeding these pods, and the fattening properties are 

 twice those of oil cake. 



