REVIEWS OF RECENT LITERATURE. 
ANTHROPOLOGY. 
Report of the Bureau of Ethnology.’ 
administrative report Major Powell outlines more definitely than in 
the preceding volume his classification of ethnological activities. 
“The great science of demonomy,” or the science of humanity, is 
_ divided into five categories: (1) esthetology, (2) technology, (3) 
sociology, in the sense of the science of government, (4) philology, 
with enlarged definition, (5) sophiology, the science of opinions. 
It is believed that the Bureau has organized and defined “the 
demotic sciences in such manner as to yield a definite basis for a 
scientific classification of the races and peoples of the earth.” 
The director announces that the vast collection of information 
obtained from personal research, manuscripts, and published litera- 
ture concerning the Indians is to be published in a series of bulletins 
corresponding with the aboriginal stocks, under the designation 
“Cyclopedia of the American Indians.” The subjects of the four 
accompanying papers are found in the pueblo region of the South- 
west, in Yucatan, and in Peru. 
The first of the two memoirs upon “ extra-limital ” subjects is not 
only of general, but also of comparative interest, since it aids in 
demonstrating the unity of aboriginal American culture. The con- 
clusion is reached by Professor McGee that the operations of tre- 
phining were performed by persons of the same culture grade as the 
well-known “ medicine men” of this continent, though but one case 
of trephining is thus far known in North America. In a collection 
of about one thousand crania two per cent were found to have been 
trephined, several more than once. Dr. Muñiz states that all the 
specimens pertain to a period at least two hundred years anterior tO 
the discovery ; they are from various and widely separated pueblos. 
No trephined crania have thus far been discovered at the necropolis 
of Ancon. Post-mortem trephining was not practiced, and no amu- 
lets of human bones have been found in Peru. The origin and 
development of this dangerous practice is discussed, and the methods 
1 Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology to the Secre- 
tary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1894-95, by J. W. Powell, Director. Wash 
ington, Government Printing Office, 1897. 
