No. 382.] REVIEWS OF RECENT LITERATURE. 789 
ning a general introduction on the subjects of classification, anatomy, 
and physiology. 
In spite of many excellences, the general part of the work is not 
wholly satisfactory ; it is distinctly inferior to the A//gemeine Zoologie 
of Claus, Hertwig, or Hatschek. Again, it seems to the writer 
unwise, both from a pedagogical and from a scientific standpoint, 
to erect any artificial barrier between the philosophy and history of 
a science and its bare results. The deadest, driest facts may be 
clothed with a living interest if only the historical discovery of those 
facts and their philosophical import are pointed out at once. 
Twelve phyla of the animal kingdom are recognized instead of the 
classical seven of Leuckart, the modifications being the following: 
the Porifera are separated from the Ccelenterata ; Vermes is omitted, 
and in its place are three phyla, v7z., Platyhelminthes (including 
Nemertinea), Nemathelminthes (including Chatognatha), and Annu- 
lata ; a new phylum, Trochhelminthes, includes Rotifera, Dinophilea, 
and Gastrotricha; Molluscoidea stands as a phylum, including Polyzoa, 
Phoronida, and Brachiopoda. 
The first eleven phyla are treated of in the first volume of the 
work; the second volume is devoted entirely to the twelfth phylum, 
the Chordata. Each volume is indexed and is complete in itself, 
and this fact may be utilized to advantage by teachers who conduct 
separate classes in Vertebrate and Invertebrate Zoology. 
The illustrations and typography are excellent in the main, Some 
of the figures suffer from being copies of copies, but many of them 
are entirely new, and others are new to a text-book. Both the illus- 
trations and the method of presenting the subject give a freshness 
to the whole work which is very attractive. 
Unfortunately the work is marred by an unusually large number 
of errors.! This is certainly due in part to the fact that the authors 
were separated so far from each other and from the publishers, and 
perhaps also to the serious illness of the senior author, who, unfortu- 
nately, did not live to see the completion of the work. 
Some Recent Faunistic Work in Europe. — Two papers of impor- 
tance have appeared recently which deal with the fresh-water fauna of 
Central Europe and exemplify in some particulars the tendencies of 
current faunistic and systematic work in zoology. For many years 
Bohemia has been a center of activity in these lines, and the portable 
1 For a list of these errors see a review of the work in Natural Science for 
March, 1898. 
