SEA-FISHERIES LABORATORY. 141 



upon still as true warm-water species, but quite lately 

 one or two of these species have been detected off the 

 Coast of Norway and in the deep cold area of the Faroe 

 Channel. Pelagic forms of Copepoda are probably more 

 widely distributed than might be expected. When one, 

 however, finds such a typical littoral form as Phyllo- 

 thalestris mysis (first described by Claus, from the 

 Mediterranean) having its distribution afterwards 

 extended to Norway and Ceylon, or a more inert species 

 like Laophontodes bicornis (described from specimens found 

 off the Isle of Man) extending to Cape Verde Islands, 

 there can be little surprise at the occurrence of pelagic 

 forms in unexpected places. In the ordinary course of 

 events, true littoral Copepods are rarely taken in tow-nets, 

 unless these are worked near the bottom. Other means 

 have to be employed for their capture, such as dredging 

 and washing debris from larger invertebrata. It is 

 obvious that it cannot be accurate to state that littoral 

 forms of any kind are absent if the proper methods for 

 collecting them are omitted. A handful of weed washed 

 in weak spirit often brings to light a surprising number 

 of organisms, such as Foraminifera, Ostracoda and 

 littoral Copepoda, that would not be obtained any other 

 way. Two instances of that kind have come under my 

 own notice. One was the washings from a handful of 

 algae, hurriedly gathered on the shore of the Island of 

 Sokotra, which contained a number of interesting 

 Amphipoda and Isopoda. The other was a small quantity 

 of calcareous and other algae collected on the dead coral 

 reef flats and madrepora reefs in the Conflict atoll, off the 

 Coast of British New Guinea. When carefully washed 

 and examined, these debris yielded a large number of 

 littoral Copepoda and Ostracoda. Some of the littoral 

 Copepoda from this distant island appear to be 



