6 THE SILK GODDESS 



cealed from view, and the nine tcftou are all enumerated, as if to convey 

 the idea that every one in its entirety was under the Chinese dominion. 

 The sole difference consists in the use of one or the other of two words 

 when speaking of the products of the land, Wu and Kung lA . The first 

 means: revenue, contribution of revenue, assess; while 

 the second, K ung, is to present as tribute to a superior, to 

 offer up ; showing therefore that the products which are wu are those 

 of Chinese or others, subjects to the dominion of the son of Heaven 

 while the products which are Rung come from foreigners and non-subjects 

 and may or may not be brought according to treaties, homage, conveni- 

 ence or for trade purposes. 



The Yu Rung, once noticed this distinction, is most instructive about 

 the real extension, limited at that time, of the dominion of the Chinese 

 and it shows which products and industry were then in the hands of the 

 native population, and those of the Chinese themselves. 



8. In the province of Kitchou, i.e. roughly the present Shansi, and 

 the real seat of the Chinese no special products or industries are 

 spoken of. 



In Yentchou, to the east of the preceding, a part of Tchihli W. and C, 

 the offerings consisted of lacquer, silk and ornamented stuffs 15 in round 

 bamboo baskets. 



In Ts'ingtchou, roughly Shantung, salt and a fine grass cloth were 

 presented from the sea-shore, silk 16 and hemp from the valleys of the 

 Tai, and baskets of silk of wild-silkworms 17 from the Lai tribes. 



In Tsiutchou, i.e. Shantung S., and Kiangsu 18 , the aboriginal tribes of 

 the Hwai brought oyster pearls and fish, and baskets of reddish black 

 and undyed fine fabrics 19 . 



9. In Yangtchou, i.e. the region around and south of the mouths of 

 Yangtze, the articles presented were various and included fabrics and 

 cauries 20 . 



In Kingtchou, W. of preceding, i.e. Hupeh and the adjoining South, 

 the offerings included baskets of reddish black and crimson stuffs 21 , with 

 trings of irregular pearls 22 . 



In Yutchou, corresponding to Honan, baskets 23 filled with fine fabrics, 

 and fine floss-silk, were presented 24 . 



In Liangtchou, which corresponded to the W. of Honan and Hupeh 

 with the North of Szetchuen, there'were no offers of silk, although other 

 products were numerous 25 . 



The same thing may be said of the last province, Yungtchou, com- 



