BOTANICAL OBSERVATIONS IN WESTERN WYOMING. 13 
tropis campestris L., Lupinus sericeus Pursh, Hedysarum Mack- 
enzii Rich., Eriogonum flavum Nutt., and Calochortus Gunnisoni 
Watson. On all the high rocky ridges of this section a charming 
variety of Phlox Douglasii Hook. is met with, forming close, flat- 
tened cushions, and a profusion of pure porcelain-white fragrant 
flowers. 
Along the borders of streams, with the prevalent willow growth, 
we find Betula occidentalis Hook., Alnus incana Willd., and in the 
larger valleys Eleagnus argenteus Nutt. 
On the steeper mountain slopes, before alluded to as presenting 
an agreeable alternation of meadow and woodland, the smooth 
grassy expanses of the higher elevations, reaching an altitude of 
nine thousand feet above the sea level, reveal a distinctly subal- 
pine vegetation. We accordingly here encounter such well known 
forms as Saxifraga nivalis L., Eritrichium aretioides DC., Pole- 
monium confertum Gray, Lloydia serotina Reich., while appar- 
ently more distinctly characteristic of this particalas range we 
note Townsendia spathulata Nutt., Townsendia scapigera D. C. 
Eaton and Bupleurum ranunculoides L. 
In the wooded districts Pinus flexilis is irregularly mingled with 
Pinus ponderosa and Abies Douglasii, while Pinus contorta forms 
the almost exclusive growth of the interior ridges and alpine 
leys. After passing the first series of steep ridges, which gen- 
-erally present an abrupt escarpment towards the main axis of the 
range, the interior valleys are spread out in the form of irregular 
basins, bordered by deep pine woods. Within these timbered 
recesses we occasionally encounter small grassy parks, or alpine 
bogs occupied by a close, clumpy growth of willows. Through 
these, course clear mountain streams generally hidden from view 
by overhanging vegetation. During the season of melting snow 
in the early summer months, these meadows frequently conceal 
treacherous bogs greatly impeding travel, while small ponds and 
occasional permanent lakes are not infrequent. In this variety of 
surface exposure, limited in every direction by irregular, rocky 
ridges, variously set off with extensive snow drifts, we have all 
the conditions of a most attractive mountain flora 
We accordingly find here in somewhat catia association the 
following plants :— Draba Alpina L., Lupinus cespitosus Nutt., 
Hedysarum boreale Nutt., Astragalus Alpinus L., Oxytropis cam- 
pestris L., Oxytropis viscida Nutt.? (or a species near it), Sedum 
stenopetalum Ph., Sedum rhodanthum Gray, Actinella grandiflora 
