_ ** Earl of Tankervill 
itt Low'a Animals, p.387 
THE WILD CATTLE OF SCOTLAND. 139 
\ 
descriptions of white with colored ears apply to all, yet each herd 
has had its distinctive features, and we find evidence of a constant 
tendency to variation, only repressed by a rigorous selection. 
-Chillingham castle, the seat of the Earl of Tankerville, is situ- 
ated in Northumberland County, England, and formerly occupied 
one end of the Caledénian forest, which in former times extended 
from sea to sea. The wild cattle have been preserved in this park 
with care, and kept free from intermixture with other breeds. They 
have been extensively inbred from necessity, ‘‘ and are accordingly 
much subject to rash, a complaint common to animals bred in and 
in.” We find it recorded that the stock at Chillingham was at one : 
time left without a bull, from accident and sterility. Fortunately ` 
one of the cows had a bull calf, and the stock was preserved.* 
In color, they are invariably white} or white,{ or pale cream color$ 
or creamy white,|| or white and cream color.{ Their horns are 
white tipped with black ; their muzzle black** or brown ;j7f. their 
eyelashes black ;{{ their eyes rimmed with black.g§ Their ears, 
inwardly and about one-third externally, red, reddish brown. ti 
or red or brown.*** Their necks have rudimentary manes,f{j or 
oftentimes a mane from one and a half to two inches long,{{{ or no 
manes but coarse hair.§§§ Their heads slender,|\|||| backs pe 
Legs short TTT and slender,**** and the hoofs black.tttt 
In 1675, as we have seen, they are described with black ears.{{ff 
In 1770 according to Bewick, some calves appeared with black 
ears, but these were. destroyed, and black ears had not since reap- 
-peared.g$$§ Since 1855 about a dozen calves have been born with 
‘brown or blue spots on their cheeks or necks, but these, with any — 
* Earl of iar Annals and Mag. of Nat. Hist., 1839, ii, aia Nat. Lib., Jar- 
dine, iv, 207, n 
t Nat. Lib., Fact: iv, 202, note. f Darwin, An. & PL, 
-§ Hindmarsh, An. & Mag. Nat. Hist., 1839, ii, 979. Dic “dao ry of Eag- 
lt Sant. Davy, Milk Jo aenal, Oct. , 2, 1871, 225 
T Earl of Tankerville, Annals of Nat. Hist., 1839, i ii, 277. 
®t Die 
Earl of Tankerville, ‘An. of N at. Hist., 1839, ii, 277 
i Bat ot Tankerville, An . of Nat. Hist., 1839, ii, 284. 
whe of Tankervile An. of Nat. Hist., 1839, ii, 277. 
= Lib., Jardine, i iv, 202, note. — ttt? Darwin, An. & PI. under Dom. 530 107. j 
Hit Jour. R.A. ee — and Pl. under Dom., i, 107, 
