_ sity of wings, and generally upon the very stalks where the insects 
a 
portions of the same field of view were many in the act of copu- — a 
undeveloped females. Upon any other occasion than the presen 
` I should assuredly have characterized them as females W 
232 : “ZOOLOGY. 
. 
- Further, it has been strongly affirmed by those who have made 
this peculiar group their study down to the aforementioned date, 
that procreation from a virgin mother continues until the eleventh 
generation is exhausted; and that when this period has been 
reached, winged individuals of both species make their appear- 
ance, which, after having celebrated their nuptials in mid-air, re-. 
pair to some suitable plant where the females deposit their ova 
for the continuation of -the species, after which they both die. 
Prof. Owen, in his writings, says ‘ When this exhaustion occurs, 
some members of the last larval’ brood are metamorphosed into 
winged males, others into oviparous females,” the latter being 
apterous. That such is only partially true I am satisfied from 
observations made during the latter part of October upon the 4. 
mali of Harris 
This species, from its convenience, has received very careful at- 
tention. On the 26th of October last, while engaged in an exami- 
nation of some of the principal shoots of a Spiræa corymbosa, 
which seem to be particularly adapted to the growth and well 
being of the above species, I observed hundreds of wingless 
females engaged in oviposition. Directing my glass.to the leaves, 
where scores were still deriving a scanty and precarious subsis- 
tence, I noticed many smaller specimens which presented quite X 
contrast as regards size when placed by the side of their plump 
associates. The former, from the endearment which they lavished — a 
upon the latter, I soon satisfied myself were males. Upon 0 ae 
= 
ting. One particular phase of animal life very forcibly im- a 
pressed my mind on this occasion ; to wit, the ardent temperament a 
of the males, and the comparative únconcern of the females pre- 
vious to coition. a: a 
_ Long and anxious watching has convinced me that in the f a 
of the year not å single winged individual of either sex is # w : 
found in this species, and further that the essential duties oo oi 
reproduction and of oviposition are performed without the neces- 
were born and lived. i : 
In size, the males of A. mali are vastly inferior to the fem a: 
being less than one-half the latter. Externally they appea = < 
ich & 
healthy, vigorous nutrition would have pushed unto perfecti 
t 
