ANTHROPOLOGY. 505 
tional depth. Between 1,200 and 1,800 fathoms the temperature 
rises slowly to about 35° at the former depth. From 1,200 fath- 
oms to the surface the thermometer rose steadily ; surface temper- 
atures ranging from 70° to 76° F. 
The voyage occupied twenty-eight days, and the weather was 
exceptionably favorable. There are only sixty-five inhabitants on 
Peele Island, and the ‘‘ Tuscarora” was the first visit of a naval 
vessel for more than seventeen years; Commodore Perry stopped 
at the island in 1853. 
ANTHROPOLOGY. 
TROGLODYTES IN ALasKa.—In 1872, Mr. William H. Dall made 
some interesting discoveries of prehistoric remains in a cave on 
Amaknak Island, situated in Captain’s Bay, Oonalaska, which he 
supposed exhausted the subject. In 1873, however, he found that 
he had left undisturbed a still lower stratum, and finally cleaned 
out the entire cave down to the rock. He ascertained that 
the whole interior of the cave had been painted over with a red 
pigment. or chalky ore of iron, above which was a bed of organic 
mould about two feet in its greatest depth, in which were found 
three skeletons, surrounded by a rough sort of sarcophagus built ~ 
of the jaws and ribs of whales, and around them were a large 
number of implements, especially of stone knives. This was 
Covered in turn by a layer six inches or less in thickness of refuse 
material, the remains of repasts on marine animals, shell-fish, fish, 
and echini. Scattered irregularly over this were broken and worn 
implements of quite a different character from those found with 
he dead; and the whole indicated that this was only a resting- 
Place of parties who used it temporarily while waiting an oppor- 
tunity to cross the surf to the adjacent island. It was down to 
this lower stratum that the labors of the previous season had ex- 
tended but without disturbing it. 
A stratum of this latter portion was covered by a bed of shin- 
gle, evidently introduced by water, and supposed to be the actual 
bottom of the deposit. Mr. Dall is of the opinion that the skele- 
tons found here are the oldest yet discovered in the Aleutian re- 
Sion, although not approaching in antiquity those discovered on 
ountain, or the Neanderthal. He thinks the cave was 
‘used as a burial-place, the mould over three skeletons having 
