558 ZOOLOGY. 
extract from Kalm’s Travels. It will be remembered that at the 
suggestion of Linneus, Peter Kalm was sent to North America — 
“ to make such observations and collect such seeds and plants as 
would improve the Swedish husbandry, gardening, manufactures, 
arts and sciences.” He arrived at Philadelphia in Sept., 1748, 
and left the country early in 1751. He recorded his observations 
on nearly every conceivable subject, from “the way of eating oys- 
ters” and the “art of making apple dumplings” to the most 
interesting observations on society, politics, agriculture and natu- 
ral phenomena and productions. The expenses of his trip were 
paid in part by the government of Sweden, in part by the Uni- 
versity of Upsala, by societies and private subscription, Kalm 
himself contributing to the extent of his ability, “ so that at his 
return he found himself obliged to live upon a very small pittance.” 
I quote from the English translation of his travels, published 7 
London in 1772. After speaking of the diminution of fish in 
various rivers, caused by “immoderate catching of them at all 
times of the year” and “the numerous mills on the rivers and 
brooks” whose dams prevent the fish from passing “ up the ri" T 
in order to spawn,” he says (Vol. 1, p. 229): 
“ Mr. FRANKLIN told me, that in that part of New England 7 
where his father lived, two rivers fell into the sea, in one of which 
in the other not onP. 
et the places where these rivers discharged themselves intà pai i 
ın They h peg 
herrings came in spring to pte their spawn, they alway pa: 
up the river where they used to catch them, but never wal re 
the other. This circumstance led Mr. Franklin’s father, ole Se 
settled between the two rivers, to try whether it was not az w 
purpose he put out his nets, as they were coming up fo 
and he caught some. He took the spawn out of them It was 
same place where they were hatched, and from whe 
put out to sea; being, as it were, accustomed to it. 
He had already said (p. 23) that “ Mr. Benjamin a 
whom Pennsylvania is indebted for its welfare, and the * 
world for many new discoveries in electricity, was the ae 
took notice of me, and introduced me to many of bS} 
