ANTHROPOLOGY. 565 
on July 30th in that of the Anthrenus. We are not aware that 
this destructive museum pest is known to be thus affected. 
LARVÆ or MEMBRACIS SERVING AS MILK CATTLE TO A Beg.—Fritz 
Miiller has observed in Brazil a larva of a leaf-hopper (Umbonia 
indicator Fairm.) which is used, like the Aphides by the ants, 
as milch cattle by a species of stingless bee (Trigona cagafogo 
Mill.) This bee is fond of oily matters, and feeds on carrion, 
old stinking cheese and oil secreted by various plants. Although 
stingless, it possesses a very intense venom, which causes a most 
lively irritation in the skin. 
ANTHROPOLOGY. 
A TRUE GEOGRAPHY or THE Brarn.—It has until lately been 
supposed that the convolutions of the cerebrum are entirely con- 
cerned in purely intellectual operations, but this idea is now at an 
end. It is now evident, from recent researches, that in the cere- 
bral convolutions—that is, in the part of the brain which was be- 
lieved to minister to intellectual manifestations—there are nerve- 
centres for the production of voluntary muscular movements in 
various parts of the body. It has always been taught that the 
convolutions of the brain, unlike nerves in general, cannot be 
stimulated by means of electricity. This, although true as regards 
the brains of pigeons, fowls, and perhaps other birds, has been 
shown by Fritsch and Hitzig to be untrue as regards mammals. 
These observers removed the upper portion of the skull in the 
dog, and stimulated small portions of the exposed surface of the 
cerebrum by means of weak galvanic currents, and they found 
that when they stimulated certain definite portions of the surface 
of the convolutions in the anterior part of the cerebrum, move- 
ments are produced in certain definite groups of muscles on the 
pposite side of the body. By this new method of exploring the 
functions of the. convolutions of the brain, these investigators 
showed that in certain cerebral convolutions, there are centres for 
the nerves presiding over the muscles of the neck, the extensor 
and adductor muscles of the forearm, for the flexor and rotator 
muscles of the arm, the muscles of the foot, and those of the face. 
ey, moreover, removed the portion of the convolution on the 
left side of the cerebrum, which they had ascertained to be the 
centre for the movements of the right forelimb, and they found 
