582 AUDITORY APPARATUS OF THE MOSQUITO. 
Other naturalists have placed the auditory apparatus of diurnal 
lepidoptera in their club-shaped antenne ; of bees at the root of 
their maxille ; of Melolontha in their antennal plates; of Locusta 
viridissima in the membranes which unite the antenna with the 
head. 
I think that Siebold assumes too much when he states that the 
existence of a tympanic membrane is the only test of the existence 
of an auditory apparatus. It is true that such a test would apply 
to the non-aquatic vertebrates, but their homologies do not extend 
to the articulates; and besides, any physicist can not only e 
ceive of, but can actually construct other receptors of aerial vibes 
tions, as I will soon show by conclusive experiments. Neither 
can I agree with him in supposing that the antenne are only 
organs, for very often their position and limited motion would ex- 
clude them from this function ;* and, moreover, it has never been 
proved that the antennæ, which differ so much in their forms 10 
different insects, are always tactile organs. They may be used # 
such in some insects; in others, they may be organs of audition; 
while in other insects they may, as Newport and Goureau surmise, 
have both functions; for, even granting that Miiller’s law of = 
specific energy of the senses extends to the insects, yet the eae 
omy of their nervous system is not sufficiently known to oP 
the supposition that there may be two distinct sets of nerve fi 2i 
in the antennæ or in connection with their bases; 50 ae 
antennz may serve both as tactile’and as auditory organs 5 P the 
the hand, which receives at the same time the impression 3 jike 
character of the surface of a body and of its temperature ; a 
the tongue, which at the same time distinguishes the eins 
form, the temperature and the taste of a body. Finally ‘hat the 
objection to this statement : ‘*‘ Newport and Goureau think ti view 
antennz serve both as tactile and auditory organs. But th 
is inadmissible, as Erichson has already stated, except In yibrs- 
that the antenne, like all solid bodies, may conduct sonny 
tions of the air.” Here, evidently, Siebold had not in his n oe 
physical relations which exist between two bodies Meas. that 
xactly the same number of vibrations ; for it is well kno tion by 
when one of them vibrates, the other Will be set into vibratiot 
by 
j Š bi ompanied 
* Indeed, they are often highly developed in themselves wilt ae a range 
palpi, which are properly placed, adequately organized and endo 
moti. eS ea S porns Jad F i. 
g purposes of touc 
