ADDRESS OF PROFESSOR LOVERING. 659 
as if they had an independent existence. But we have no con- 
ception of inert matter or of disembodied force. All we know of 
matter is its pressure and its motion. The old atom had only 
potential energy; the energy of its substitute, the molecule, is 
partly potential and partly kinetic. If it could be shown that all 
the phenomena displayed in the physical world were simply trans- 
mutations of the original energy existing in the molecules, phys- 
ical science would be satisfied. Where physical science ends, 
natural philosophy, which is not wholly exploded from our vocab- 
ulary, begins. Natural philosophy can give no account of energy 
When disconnected with an ever present Intelligence and Will. 
In Herschel’s beautiful dialogue on atoms, after one of the speak- 
ers had explained all the wonderful exhibitions of nature as the 
work of natural forces, Hermione replies : —‘* Wonderful, indeed ! 
Anyhow, they must have not only good memories but astonishing 
Presence of mind, to be always ready to act, and always to act, 
Without mistake, according to the primary laws of their being, in 
every complication that occurs.” And elsewhere, “ Action, with- 
out will or effort, is to us, constituted as we are, unrealizable, 
unknowable, inconceivable.” . The monads of Leibnitz and the 
mons of Maxwell express in words the personality implied in 
every manifestation of force. 
In this imperfect sketch of the increased resources and the 
Present attitude of the physical sciences I have not aimed to speak 
as an advocate; much less to sit as a judge. The great problem 
of the day is, how to subject all physical phenomena to dynamical 
laws. With all the experimental devices, and all the mathematical 
appliances of this generation, the human mind has been baffle in 
__ Its attempts to construct a universal science of physics. But 
_ hothing will discourage it. When foiled in one direction, it will 
attack in another. Science is not destructive, but progressive. 
While its theories change, the facts remain. Its generalizations 
"e widening and deepening from age to age. We may extend to 
4 the theories of physical science the remark of Grote which 
Challis quotes in favor of his own :— “its fruitfulness is its cor- 
-Teetibility.” Instead of being disheartened by difficulties, the 
— mue man of science will congratulate himself in the words of 
a enargues, that he lives in a world fertile in obstacles. Im- 
Mortality would be no boon if there were not something left to 
“cover as well as to love. Fortunate, thought Fontenelle, was 
