128 TRANSACTIONS LIVERPOOL BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 
ground (as ova and embryos, &c.,) in to the shallow bays 
and “‘ nurseries’ (as immature fish) and then out again 
(as adult or mature fish) to the offshore banks. From this 
it follows that we have not really command of the fish pop- 
ulation of a particular bay, or coast, unless we also have 
control of the off-shore waters to which the spawning fish 
from our bay migrate. It is possible that trawling outside 
amongst the spawning fish may do great damage to that 
fishery in the district. If 1t 1s impossible to restrict the 
off-shore trawling during the spawning season, at least 
perfectly mature fish on the point of spawning might be 
“stripped” and the ova artificially fertilized and either 
returned to the sea or conveyed to a Hatchery. 
NEED OF A SEA-FISH HATCHERY. 
Complaints as to the gradual falling off of the more 
valuable sea fisheries come from various parts of the coast 
and also from other Huropean countries; and the trawling 
statistics of the ‘Garland’ in the territorial waters, where 
the Fishery Board for Scotland has absolutely prohibited 
beam-trawling for some time back, show that little or no 
increase of flat fishes in that district has taken place. So 
they have now come to the conclusion in Scotland which 
had been arrived at previously in some other countries 
that the only thing that will enable a fishery to recover 
when once it has been over worked is artificial propagation, 
and rearing. Sea-Fish Hatching establishments have now 
been erected in the United States, Canada, Newfoundland, 
Norway, France, Italy, Denmark, and other countries, 
in all cases with satisfactory results. In the United 
States they consider the important Shad fishery to have 
been revived and greatly improved as a result of artificial 
cultivation. Tn Norway they hatch at Flodevig near 
Arendal hundreds of millions of young Cod annually. In 
