120 TRANSACTIONS LIVERPOOL BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



" Das korperliche Jiild, class die einzelnen Kassen 

 bieten, ist nicbt minder iiiteressant. Ihre Untersehiede 

 von einander sind gering und erreiclien in der Kegel 

 nicbt diejenigen, die wir an verschiedenen Species der 

 Grattung Clupea wabrnebmen. Aber sie sind nicbt 

 minder scharf und so bezeiehnend ausgepragt, class jedes 

 Individuum den deutlichen Stempel seiner Basse (seines 

 Stammes, seiner Familie) tragt. Und das nicbt nnr in 

 einzelnen, wenigen Eigenscbaften seines Korpers, son 

 dem wie man annebmen muss, in alien Eigenscbaften 

 und auf jedem Stadium seiner Entwicklung." 



Heincke summarises the results of his most recent 

 investigations as to the differences between spring and 

 autumn herring' quite at the end ot bis book (o. c. Text 

 125-128). It is to be regretted that in Table 3 he has 

 only grouped together a small number of groups of ripe 

 spring and autumn herring for the purposes of com- 

 parison and these are just those which exhibit a difference 

 in the formula with respect to the ratio of the distance of 

 the ventral fin from the tip of the snout. According to 

 this summary it appears that the average formula of 

 spring herring is 2bII. ; of autumn herring 2al. or 2 all. 

 But suppose we now turn to the volume of Tables, p. 

 196-199, Table 193. Here Ave have a complete summary 

 of the average of the body measurements of the various 

 local forms, and it appears that the average formula of 

 the autumn herring is sometimes 2bII. (i.e. the true 

 spring herring formula), and that the average formula of 

 the spring herring may be 2a I. or 2all. (true autumn 

 herring average formula J. 



In this Table there are eight groups of spring herring 

 which do not possess the formula 2bII. They are: 



Tab. 130. East Coast of Scotland. 2aII. (Autumn 



herring formula). 



