24 RAMSAY H. TRAQUATR’S 
fringing rays of the upper lobe. Minute fulcra may be seen wherever the 
anterior margin of a fin is perfectly preserved. 
Remarks.—The relative position, as well as the shape of the dorsal and 
anal fins, and the nature of the scale ornament, prove unmistakably that this 
little fish belongs to the group of species (Elonichthys Robisoni, striolatus, &c.), 
which is so characteristic of the Lower Carboniferous rocks of Scotland. 
Although the hitherto described species of this group are in many cases difficult 
to distinguish, yet, in all, the serration of the posterior margin of the flank 
scales is minute, in some (Klonichthys tenuiserratus, Traq.) excessively so; 
here, the comparatively coarse and prominent aspect of these serrations forms a 
tangible mark of distinction ; the median fins are also proportionally smaller. 
So far as the present investigations go, the rare occurrence of representatives 
of the Robisoni group is certainly a remarkable feature in the paleontology of 
the Eskdale beds. 
Position and Locality.--Near Glencartholm, Eskdale, in the Cement-stone 
group of the Calciferous Sandstone series. 
Elonichthys pulcherrimus, sp. nov. Traquair. 
Pl. I. figs. 9-12. 
Of this there is only one specimen in which the posterior part of the ventral 
margin is unfortunately cut off by a joint, so that the anal and caudal fins are 
deficient, although the commencement of the caudal body-prolongation is pre- 
served. The entire length exhibited is 44 inches; when perfect the fish could 
not have measured less than 53; its greatest depth at the arch of the back, 
just in front of the dorsal fin, is 1} inch. The body is thus rather deeply 
fusiform, and the length of the head (13 inch) is contained about five times in 
the estimated total. The cranial roof bones are covered with a small close 
tuberculation ; the facial bones exhibit a ridged ornamentation. The lower 
margin of the maxilla is, however, tuberculated, and is set with strong, sharp, 
conical teeth of different sizes, large and small; one of the larger teeth measur- 
ing about ~, inch in length. The dentary element of the mandible is orna- 
mented with closely set ridges, mainly following the longitudinal direction of 
the bone, though also slightly divergent from back to front. The suspensorium 
is oblique and the gape wide, but the state of preservation of the specimen 
hardly allows of any further description of the bones of the head. 
The scales are of moderate size, and over the whole body highly ornate. 
Their exposed area is covered with close, delicate, yet sharply defined ridges, 
which mostly proceed from before backwards and end in fine denticulations of 
the posterior margin. On the flank scales (fig. 10) these ridges tend to proceed 
obliquely downwards and backwards on the upper and posterior part of the 
area, while below this, on the antero-inferior part, their direction is more 
