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XVIII.—Chapters on the Mineralogy of Scotland. Chapter Seventh.—Ores of 
Manganese, Iron, Chromium, and Titanium. By Professor HEDDLE. 
(Read 20th February 1882.) 
I have thrown together, in this chapter, the ores of several members of a 
family of the elements, which may be called the family of the magnetics;* and I 
have also, from its frequent chemical association with iron, placed titanium 
along with them. 
_ No attempt was made by me to analyse the ordinarily-employed iron ores, 
but only such as, from their apparent purity, or from the excellence of the 
specimens, appeared to be of mineralogical interest. 
Specimens of doubtful, or of an unrecognised appearance were, however, also 
examined ; and the so doing led to the discovery or recognition, for the first 
time as British, of the two minerals, Turgite and Martite. 
ORES OF MANGANESE. 
I have verified the occurrence of manganite on Laverock-braes Farm, Grand- 
holm, Aberdeenshire ; and of pyrolusite at Arndilly, near Rothes; but I have 
not yet analysed the specimens which I there collected. The first manganese 
ore which I have analysed is pst/omelane, from the Orkneys. 
GEORGE Low, writing in 1774, says :—“ The ores of iron in Hoy are of two 
kinds, and found in great plenty in two different places. That dug near the 
kirk is hematites..... Another kind may be had in vast quantities from 
Hoy Head, where it runs in many regular veins in the very brink of the sea 
rocks. This is blacker than the former in appearance: it is much more solid 
and weightier, looks as if it had been once in fusion, and had settled in a number 
of bubbles, which I dare say had not been the case: its first formation is from 
an indefinite number of small particles or drops adhering very firmly together, 
and growing still more solid as they imbibe more of the iron, till at length it 
becomes a flint-like mass of the colour above described. Some years ago a 
company of adventurers from London dug several tons of this last, which they 
imagined was an ore of cobalt, but without foundation. They sent several 
specimens to London, but how it turned out I could never learn. The work, 
however, was given up. When Mr. Banxs was in Orkney on his way from 
Iceland he took a step to this mine, and smelted a piece of the ore, and assured 
me of its being iron.” 
A little west of the highest point of Holy Head there is a turret-like pro- 
* Though the members of this family are not all magnetic, yet it includes all the metals which are so. 
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