154 PROFESSOR RUTHERFORD ON THE 
figure of 1:01 cc. per kilogramme per hour. It is to be admitted that the 
dose was excessive ;* nevertheless it is worthy of remark, that we have found 
no other hepatic stimulant have so powerful an effect. 
ra 
TABLE IV. 
| 
Secretion of Bile per Kilo- 
gramme of Body-weight 
: ? Grains per Kilogramme ie EO. 
Podophyllin. Total Dose in Grains. of Body-weight. 
Before. 
| Experiment 8, . | 6 without bile . 2 0:90 0°04 ce. 
FOE . | 4 with bile : ‘ 0:23 0°52 ce. 
ACTION OF ALOES. 
Aloes is very commonly employed as a purgative agent, but the physician 
has been unable to determine whether or not it affects the liver. The indefinite 
state of our information regarding it is shown by the following sentence—“ By 
some observers the bile is asserted to be increased in quantity” after its 
administration (GARROD, Op. vill. p. 380). Rouricg (Op. vi.) found that in a — 
rabbit aloes increases the secretion of bile, but his experiment is not satis- 
factory, for he found that the secretion stopped at the end of three hours. 
Experiment 11. Dog that had fasted eighteen hours. Weight 8°6 kilo- 
erammes.—Sixty grains of aqueous extract of Socotrine aloes in 12 ce. of 
water were injected into the duodenum (a, fig. 11). A decided increase in 
the biliary secretion was perceptible within half-an-hour thereafter. After — 
attaining a maximum about an hour and a half after the administration of 
the drug, secretion gradually fell; but although the experiment was continued 
for seven hours after the aloes was given, the effect had not disappeared. 
Necropsy.—The aloes had extended along two-thirds of the small intestine, — 
which contained about an ounce and a half of viscous fluid as the only evidence 
* This dose was doubtless much larger than need have been given, but when these earlier experi- 
ments were performed, we were under the impression that the dog requires larger doses than man. 
Further experience convinced us that this is exceptional. In many subsequent experiments we found 
that doses of various substances similar to those given to man act on the hepatic and intestinal glands 
of the dog. 
