PHYSIOLOGICAL ACTIONS OF DRUGS ON THE SECRETION OF BILE. 207 
stimulating effect on the liver was rapid and very powerful. Four-fifths of a 
grain of atropia sulphate, dissolved in 4 cc. water, was injected into the jugular 
vein at a. This was done just five minutes before the next reading of the 
bile. It is, therefore, certain that much of the bile that formed the highest 
reading in the experiment was secreted previous to the injection of the atropia; 
and, as atropia did not increase the secretion in the preceding experiment, it 
follows that the very high reading of the bile immediately subsequent to the 
- atropia administration is to be attributed to the action of the physostigma not 
yet antagonised. Ere long, however, the atropia asserted its influence and 
antagonised the physostigma. At a’, three-fifths of a grain of atropia sulphate 
was again injected into the jugular vein, and it is evident from the chart that 
the physostigma was completely antagonised thereby. A continuation of the 
experiment was, perhaps, scarcely necessary; still a grain and a half of Calabar 
extract, triturated with 1 cc. bile and 5 cc. water, was injected into the 
duodenum at c’, and two grains of the extract similarly treated were injected at 
¢’. The exciting effect was not very marked; nor need this be wondered at, 
considering how powerfully the liver had been previously stimulated, and its 
partial exhaustion induced not merely owing to the above cause, but also owing 
to the duration of the experiment. 
’ As the action of acetate of lead on the liver was to be investigated, eight 
grains of that substance, dissolved in 20 cc. of water, were injected into the 
duodenum at /, and the secretion of bile soon thereafter came to a standstill. 
Subsequent experiments show that this effect was unusual and attributable to 
the depressant effect of the lead on a liver already well-nigh exhausted. 
Necropsy.—Great irritation of the mucous membrane of the small intestine 
to the extent of about fifteen inches below the pylorus. The viscus contained 
only slight evidence of purgative action. 
Result of Experiment with Physostigma.—The relation of the dose to the size 
of the animal, and the coefficients of the secretion before and after its adminis- 
tration, are stated in Table X XVIII. 
a a aca 
TABLE XXVIII. 
Secretion of Bile per 
Kilogramme of Body- 
: : weight per hour. 
Physostigma. Total Dose in Grains. ae oN 
| Before. After. 
| eS |— 
| Experiment 53, . 2 with bile 0:0074 0:098 ce. | 0°365 ce. 
Experiment 53a, . 2 Yi 0:0147 0'138 ce. | 0°753 ce. 
Ce 
