228 PROFESSOR RUTHERFORD ON THE 
grammes (fig. 67).—Ten grains of pure lead acetate, dissolved in 10 ce. of dis- 
tilled water, were injected into the duodenum at J, /, 1’, 0”, and l””; 50 grains in 
all being given. The decided fall in secretion towards the close of this experi- 
ment is abnormal, and may fairly be ascribed to a depressant effect of the lead; 
but it is obvious that the first doses did not produce the effect which might 
have been anticipated from Roéuric’s experiments. That the liver was not 
exhausted, however, and was capable of increased action, was proved by 
injecting into the duodenum 20 grains of sodium salicylate dissolved in 10 ce. 
of water. Although it was the ninth hour of the experiment, the biliary secre- 
tion became greatly accelerated, and reached a point decidedly higher than it 
had been at the beginning of the experiment. All the more, therefore, may the 
previously diminished secretion be ascribed to the depressant action of the lead; 
while it is obvious that an ordinary dose of sodium salicylate can excite the 
liver thus poisoned and depressed. 
Result of Experiments with Lead Acetate.—In large doses, it has a depressant 
effect on the secretion of bile. Sodium salicylate can overcome that effect. 
The obstinate constipation observed in cases of lead-poisoning may, to some 
extent, be owing to the depressant effect of lead on the liver; but it is probably 
chiefly owing to a depressant action on the intestinal glands; for, in view of the 
astringent effect of a dose of from 1 to 4 grains in diarrhcea, it seems likely, 
from the above experiments, that it affects the intestinal canal more than the 
liver. It is a remarkable fact that, of all the substances employed in this 
research, lead acetate is the only one which depresses the action of the liver 
without producing purgation. It seems to be a direct hepatic depressant. As 
previously explained, every purely intestinal purgative agent depresses hepatic 
action, in a manner which is probably, however, purely indirect, and to which 
allusion will again be made in the sequel. é 
ACTION OF JABORANDI. 
Jaborandi being a powerful stimulant of the salivary and sweat glands, 
we thought it desirable to ascertain its influence on the liver. The mean 
dose for a man is a watery infusion of sixty-four grains of the leaves. 
Experiment 68. Dog that had fasted eighteen hours. Weight 21°5 kilo- 
grammes (fig. 68).—Eight cc. of water with 2 cc. of bile were injected into the 
duodenum at 0b, and 8 cc. of a concentrated aqueous infusion containing the 
active principle of 64 grains of jaborandi leaves were injected at 7, and 
the same dose was again given at’. Powerful salivation began half-an-hour 
after the first dose fat s), and it is to be observed that shortly afterwards the 
bile-secretion also underwent a slight increase, that became more marked after 
the second dose. 
