232 PROFESSOR RUTHERFORD ON THE 
Dr GooLDEN’s statements are explicitly to the effect (“b. cit.) that the same 
result was not produced by sulphate of magnesium as by sulphate of manganese, 
We cannot, of course, from the above experiments, deny that the manganese 
salt is a cholagogue in man; but, looking to the general harmony between our 
observations on the dog and those on man, we think we are entitled to throw 
very grave doubts upon the idea that manganese sulphate excites the human 
liver. It might, indeed, be maintained that it has the power of inducing con- 
tractions of the gall-bladder and larger bile-ducts, and of thus increasing the 
amount of bile in the dejections ; but we can only commend to the attention 
of physicians Dr GooLDEN’s positive observations as to the increased amount 
of bile in the dejections of man, and our negative results as to any stimulating 
effect on the bile-secreting mechanism of the dog. 
ACTION OF MORPBIA. 
As morphia has the well-known power of arresting diarrhcea and of 
producing constipation, it is desirable to know whether this is to be 
ascribed to its effect on 
the intestine alone, or 
also to a power of di- 
minishing the secretion 
of bile. 
Eaperiment 71. Dog 
that had fasted eighteen 
hours. Weight 33 kilo- 
grammes (fig. 71).—One 
grain of morphia hydro- 
chlorate in 3 ce. of bile 
and water was injected 
into the duodenum at m, 
Fig. 71.—Secretion of bile before and after morphia hydrochlorate. 1 grain m, m’, and m’”, 4 grains 
with 2 cc. of bile and 1 ce. of water injected into the duodenum at 
m, m', m", and m”, being given in all. The 
first two doses had no 
obvious effect on the bile-secretion; but it began to fall after the third, 
and continued to do so after the fourth, doses. As it was impossible to 
know, from this single experiment, whether or not this fall in the secretion 
was due to the morphia, a second experiment was performed. 
Necropsy.—The mucous membrane of the small intestine was almost 
perfectly dry. 
