240 PROFESSOR RUTHERFORD ON THE 
the early part of the experiment. 10 grains of calomel in 9 cc. water were 
injected into the duodenum at ¢, and again at ¢ ; 20 grains being given in all. 
Experiment 75n. 
Secretion of Secretion of 
Secretion of bile per Secretion bile per 
bile per kilogramme || of bile per | kilogramme 
15”. of dog : 15”. of dog =: 
per hour, per hour. 
aa. ce. 
1:00 c 
1°25 0°56 
112 0°80 
1:07 0-74 ; 
1°65 0°62 ke 29 ce. 
1°45 0°54 
1:42 c —— 
0:97 0°20 
2°05 0°28 
1:00 0°32 
Fig. 75p.—Secretion of bile before and after calomel given 0:94 0-28 ce 0°50 
without bile. 10 grains calomel in 9 cc. water in- 0°62 : 0°30 0°12 ce 
jected into duodenum at c, and the same dose repeated 1:12 on = 
at c’. : 
A profuse purgative action was the result, but the bile-secretion was only 
lowered. 
NeEcropsy.—Stomach contained a colourless mucous fluid, with here and 
there a green patch of calomel that had entered it through the pylorus. The 
upper half of the small intestine contained a large quantity of a greyish fluid 
with green patches, thus affording evidence of a powerful purgative effect. The 
mucous membrane in this region of the intestine was very vascular. 
The general result of the three preceding experiments is that calomel did not 
stimulate the liver, although it did not fail to stimulate the intestinal glands. 
But it is to be observed that the calomel was introduced into the duodenum 
suspended in water, it could not come into contact with bile in the intestine, 
for owing to the fasting condition of the animal previous to the establishment 
of the fistula, there was no bile there. Calomel is insoluble in water, and as 
HEADLAND (Op. xx. p. 380) had pointed out that it is to a slight extent soluble 
in bile, we were led to suppose that possibly its non-action on the liver in these 
cases might have resulted from the absence of bile from the intestinal canal. 
And it was apparent that this source of fallacy had also vitiated every experi- 
ment that had been performed by previous observers. We accordingly per- 
formed the two following experiments, in which the calomel was mixed with 
bile, and then injected into the duodenum, and we gave smaller doses than in 
the preceding experiments. 
Experiment 76. Dog that had fasted seventeen hours. Weight 147 
kilogrammes (fig. 76).—2°5 cc. water and 0°5 cc. bile were injected into the 
