256 PROFESSOR RUTHERFORD ON THE 
52. The injection of 3 cc. (46-2 grains) bile into duodenum does not affect 
the bile-secretion (Experiments 20, 21); 6 cc. (92°4 grains) increase the secretion 
slightly (Experiment 10). 
53. Purgation produced by purely intestinal stimulants, such as magnesium 
sulphate, gamboge, and castor oil, diminishes the secretion of bile. 
54. When a substance—e.g., podophyllin—which powerfully stimulates the 
intestine as well as the liver is given in too large a dose, the bile-secretion may 
never be increased (Experiment 9), and though it should be increased in the 
first instance, it is soon diminished as the excitement of the intestinal mucous 
membrane extends downwards and implicates a larger and larger number of its 
glands (Experiment 10). 
All the above conclusions are based on experiments performed on the dog, 
and have no reference to any observations made on the human subject. 
Although the hourly coefficients of secretion per kilogramme of body-weight 
before and after the administration of the principal hepatic stimulants have 
been already given in detail, it will facilitate a comparison of the effects of the 
different substances if the results be thrown together as in Table XXXV._ 
As already explained, the coefficients of bile-secretion under the influence of 
hepatic stimulants cannot be regarded as an absolute index of the relative 
powers of the stimulants, even in the case of the dog, because, in some instances 
—e.g., those of aloes, podophyllin, colchicum, and physostigma—the doses were 
excessive. It would be unfair to compare the effects of such doses with those 
of moderate doses of other substances. And, as also has been previously 
stated, young dogs secrete, in proportion to their size, more bile than old dogs ; 
therefore, a higher coefficient is the rule m their case. We have, as far as 
possible, taken these points into consideration, and the summary of results, 
above given, contains the conclusions at which we have arrived. 
TABLE XXXV. G) 
